Novel glucose-responsive nanoparticles based on p-hydroxyphenethyl anisate and 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid reduce blood glucose and ameliorate diabetic nephropathy

Abstract

An insulin delivery system that self-regulates blood sugar levels, mimicking the human pancreas, can improve hyperglycaemia. At present, a glucose-responsive insulin delivery system combining AAPBA with long-acting slow release biomaterials has been developed. However, the safety of sustained-release materials and the challenges of preventing diabetic complications remain. In this study, we developed a novel polymer slow release material using a plant extract—p-hydroxyphenylethyl anisate (HPA). After block copolymerisation with AAPBA, the prepared nanoparticles had good pH sensitivity, glucose sensitivity, insulin loading rate and stability under physiological conditions and had high biocompatibility. The analysis of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) mouse model showed that the insulin-loaded injection of nanoparticles stably regulated the blood glucose levels of DN mice within 48 ​h. Importantly, with the degradation of the slow release material HPA in vivo , the renal function improved, the inflammatory response reduced, and antioxidation levels in DN mice improved. This new type of nanoparticles provides a new idea for hypoglycaemic nano-drug delivery system and may have potential in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.

Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of the effect of metformin and metformin nanoparticles against alloxan-induced diabetes in Rats

“…(Thaipitakwong et al, 2018) The results of serum biochemical analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in serum glucose levels after administering metformin and metformin nanoparticles drug for 28 days to diabetic rats. This finding was consistent with several authors' previous results (Qiong Ma, et al,2022). Higher ALT levels are a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, indicating a possible role for increased hepatic gluconeogenesis and inflammation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.…”

Bioinspired High-Performance Bilayer, pH-Responsive Hydrogel with Superior Adhesive Property

“…Therefore, when the water absorbing ability of P(AAm-AAc-3-AAPBA) is larger than that of the PAAm layer, the bilayer hydrogel structure bends reversely [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The volume change in the PAAm hydrogel layer is positively correlated with that of the P(AAm-AAc-3-AAPBA) layer, but the variation is much smaller than that of P(AAm-AAc-3-AAPBA) [ 18 ]. Simultaneously, the hydrogels of AAc and AAm have good water absorption ability and softness, so the bi-directional bending angle can surpass 360°.…”

Polymeric nanomaterial strategies to encapsulate and deliver biological drugs: points to consider between methods

“…Ma et al 123 employed a novel plant-derived p -hydroxyphenylethyl anisate and 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid to form a shell to load insulin for diabetic treatment. The insulin core was self-assembly-encapsulated in the shell.…”