The Correlation Between Small Dense LDL and Reactive Oxygen Metabolites in a Physical Activity Intervention in Hyperlipidemic Subjects

Abstract

BackgroundSmall dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL), which has a small LDL particle size with a greater susceptibility to oxidation, is considered a risk marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) have recently been introduced as a clinically useful oxidative stress-related marker. Physical activity can reduce the CVD risk. The present study investigated the correlation between the changes of the mean LDL particle size and the oxidative stress status, as assessed by the d-ROMs, in a physical activity intervention in hyperlipidemic subjects.MethodsWe performed a 6-month intervention study of 30 hyperlipidemic subjects (12 male/18 female, mean age 64 years), focusing on a moderate physical activity increase. The clinical data, including the atherosclerotic risk factors besides the mean LDL particle size measured with the gel electrophoresis and the d-ROMs, were evaluated pre- and post-intervention.ResultsThe mean LDL particle size was significantly larger in the post-intervention than in the pre-intervention evaluation (26.9 ± 0.3 (SD) vs. 27.1 ± 0.4 nm, P < 0.01), while the d-ROMs levels were significantly reduced in the post-intervention period compared to those at pre-intervention (319 ± 77 vs. 290 ± 73 U. Carr., P < 0.05). A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that there was an independent, significant and inverse correlation between the pre- and post-intervention changes of the d-ROMs and the mean LDL particle size (β = -0.55, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe intervention study suggests that sdLDL and oxidative stress can concomitantly affect the risk of developing CVD and that both factors can improve by even a moderate increase in physical activity among hyperlipidemic subjects.

Lipoprotein Subfractions in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Approaches

“…Increased physical activity may improve sdLDL in hyperlipidemic subjects [131]. In general, lifestyle modification is the first-line therapy [132], with smoking cessation, exercise, mild-to-moderate alcohol consumption and weight loss increasing HDL-C in patients with levels <40 mg/dL [133].…”

Estresse oxidativo e características ultrassonográficas do tendão anormal em jogadores de futebol de elite (um estudo piloto)

“…O teste d-ROMs permite quantificar o EO in vivo e tem sido usado com sucesso em uma ampla gama de condições patológicas e fisiológicas: insuficiência cardíaca, infarto agudo do miocárdio, hipertensão arterial, doença arterial periférica, insuficiência renal, eclâmpsia, artrite reumatoide, osteoartrite do joelho, fibrose pulmonar, leucemia linfática crônica, diabetes, dislipidemia, hiperuricemia, obesidade, síndrome metabólica, hipotireoidismo, hipopituitarismo, envelhecimento, ciclo menstrual e menopausa. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Em relação à presente pesquisa, é importante observar que o aumento do EO foi encontrado durante o exercício extenuante. 13,16 Nosso estudo é o primeiro, de nosso conhecimento, que aborda a relação entre os transtornos dos sistemas operacional e tendinoso em humanos.…”

“…3 Por meio desse método, um aumento do EO foi demonstrado em várias condições patológicas: insuficiência cardíaca, infarto agudo do miocárdio, hipertensão arterial, doença arterial periférica, insuficiência renal, eclâmpsia, artrite reumatoide, osteoartrite do joelho, fibrose pulmonar, leucemia linfática crônica, hipotireoidismo, hipopituitarismo, diabetes, dislipidemia, hiperuricemia, síndrome metabólica, obesidade, bem como em situações fisiológicas (envelhecimento, ciclo menstrual, menopausa, exercício estéril). [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Dada a confiabilidade do teste d-ROMs e a falta de informação em sujeitos com tendinopatias, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o status do EO em jogadores profissionais de futebol de elite com e sem características ultrassonográficas de dano tendinoso.…”

Clinical Significance of Low Blood Testosterone Concentration in Men as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor From the Perspective of Blood Rheology

“…Isami et al reported that skin AF levels were associated with habitual lifestyle behaviors, such as physical activity, nonsmoking, adequate sleep, low mental stress level, eating breakfast, and abstaining from sugary food [40]. In addition, other reports also indicated that WBPT, T-T, and d-ROMs test had significant association with life style or metabolic syndrome [11, 41, 42]. Therefore, maintaining a good life style is recommended in male patients with traditional cardiovascular risk factor from the perspective of biomarkers such as skin AF, WBPT, T-T, and d-ROMs test.…”