The Correlation between Race and Domestic Violence is Confounded with Community Context

Benson, Michael L.; Wooldredge, John; Thistlethwaite, Amy; Fox, Greer Litton

doi:10.1525/sp.2004.51.3.326

Cited by 142 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Structural violence is defined as the unequal distribution of power and resources between groups, resulting in (sometimes drastically) decreased life chances for those who are disadvantaged (Galtung, 1969;Høivik, 1977; see review in Heggenhougen, 1999). Structural violence also often contributes to various forms of direct violence, including domestic violence (Benson, Wooldredge, Thistlethwaite, & Fox, 2004), homicide (Peterson & Krivo, 1999), and ethnic conflict (Gurr, 1993).…”

Section: Negative Psychological Effects Of Sufferingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altruism Born of Suffering and Prosocial Behavior Following Adverse Life Events: A Review and Conceptualization

2009

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This paper introduces the concept of ''altruism born of suffering,'' and provides a review and integration of relevant research and theories from various disciplines. In contrast to the well-supported notion that prosocial behavior is rooted in positive experiences, whereas violence and adversity often contribute to further violence and antisocial behavior, it is proposed that suffering may actually enhance the motivation to help other disadvantaged members of society, including outgroups. A motivational process model is presented that includes a typology of altruism born of suffering, integrates clinical and social psychological perspectives on underlying processes, and proposes potential mediators and moderators. Relevant empirical studies are reviewed that provide initial support for this model. A particular emphasis is placed on victims of group-based violence, and implications for intergroup relations and social justice.Keywords Altruism Á Prosocial behavior Á Suffering Á Collective violence Á Intergroup relations A commonly held view is that altruism and prosocial behavior originate in positive experiences and processes, whereas antisocial behavior is often rooted in negative conditions and life experiences. Indeed, social psychological theories of altruism and prosocial behavior tend to study the phenomenon in the general population and have focused on positive factors, whereas most research on traumatic events and adverse life experiences is centered in the field of clinical psychology and has focused on negative, psychopathological effects.

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Section: Negative Psychological Effects Of Sufferingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altruism Born of Suffering and Prosocial Behavior Following Adverse Life Events: A Review and Conceptualization

2009

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“…Just as much of the developmental literature has focused on the relationship between developmental status and risk behavior, an extensive research literature has also considered the relationship between race and adolescent risk behaviors (e.g., Williams and Collins 2001;Benson et al 2004;Caldwell et al 2004). The results are ambiguous, however, because race is confounded with socioeconomic context (e.g., Caldwell et al 2004;Lillie-Blanton and Lavest 1996;Williams and Collins 1995), as are risk behaviors (e.g., Axinn et al 1997;Hanson et al 1997;Spencer et al 1997).…”

Section: Development and Race In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Risk Behavior Among African American, Caucasian, and Mixed‐race Adolescents Living in High Poverty Inner‐city Neighborhoods

Bolland

Bryant

Lian

et al. 2007

American J of Comm Psychol

110

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Youths growing up in low-income inner-city neighborhoods are at substantial risk for initiating substance use, violent behavior, and sexual intercourse at early ages; these risk behaviors continue at comparatively high rates through adolescence. Hopelessness has been implicated as a risk factor for these behaviors. In this paper, we consider how race influences this process. African Americans form a demographic minority within the United States, but they are often the majority within inner-city neighborhoods. For Caucasians, the opposite typically holds. Mixed-race populations form a minority within both contexts. Using longitudinal data, we examine the relationship between race and risk behaviors in several impoverished inner-city neighborhoods where African Americans form the distinct majority and Caucasians and people of mixed racial heritage form a small minority. We also consider how race moderates the relationship between hopelessness and risk behavior. Our findings show that compared to Caucasian or mixed-race adolescents, African American adolescents are less likely to engage in risk behaviors, and that hopelessness has a less important impact on their behaviors.

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“…Numerous studies indicate that increased intimate partner violence is associated with lower levels of financial security (Renzetti, 2009;Benson, Fox, DeMaris, & Van Wyk, 2003;Benson, Wooldredge, Thistlethwaite, & Fox, 2004). Not surprisingly, TANF recipients who are emotionally and physically abused by an intimate partner fare worse on a number of measures of self-sufficiency than do recipients who report no abuse (Wetterson et al, 2004).…”

Section: Self-sufficiency As An Exiting Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

TANF Participation and Intimate Partner Violence: Exploring Barriers to Self-Sufficiency

Thomas¹,

Collier-Tenison²,

Maxwell³

et al. 2017

IJSSS

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Interpersonal Violence (IPV) is regarded as a primary barrier to employment for women in poverty. For recipients of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), required to participate in work-related activities, experiences of IPV threatens the ability to meet work requirements, resulting in sanctions, if they do not have exemptions through a domestic violence option (DVO) waiver. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of IPV on self-sufficiency in a sample of TANF participants. Data for the study were collected from a mail survey instrument sent to 2,000 randomly selected TANF recipients in one state in the U.S. Findings indicate the majority of the sample (N=525) was female (96%), non-white (73%), and single (86%). One-third of respondents experienced IPV and 29% experienced IPV within the past year. Approximately half of the respondents sustained a physical injury and 29% reported trouble working due to IPV. Non-parametric correlation analysis indicated those who reported IPV were less likely to be employed (p <.002). Respondents reporting violence in the past year and were less likely to be self -sufficient (p =.01). Lastly, participants who experienced an injury from IPV were also significantly more likely to have trouble working (p <.001). Although IPV is just one of many barriers to self-sufficiency for poor women, the lack of access to employment can have dire consequences for women reliant upon TANF benefits. This study indicates a need to further explore the linkages between IPV, access to employment, and other barriers to self-sufficiency.

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The Correlation between Race and Domestic Violence is Confounded with Community Context

Cited by 142 publications

References 35 publications

Altruism Born of Suffering and Prosocial Behavior Following Adverse Life Events: A Review and Conceptualization

Altruism Born of Suffering and Prosocial Behavior Following Adverse Life Events: A Review and Conceptualization

Development and Risk Behavior Among African American, Caucasian, and Mixed‐race Adolescents Living in High Poverty Inner‐city Neighborhoods

TANF Participation and Intimate Partner Violence: Exploring Barriers to Self-Sufficiency

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