The correlates of precarious working conditions in the Mexican nursing labour market from 2005 to 2018: A repeated cross‐sectional study

Nigenda, Gustavo; Serván‐Mori, Edson; Aristizabal, Patricia; Zárate-Grajales, Rosa Amarilis

doi:10.1111/jonm.13034

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…16 Only a few studies have been conducted on employment precariousness in nursing, but they suggest that nursing has features of precarious employment related to austerity measures, staff under-resourcing and increasing workloads. 17,18 Precarious employment specifically touches young employees and women 19 and is associated with health, disability, well-being, work motivation, work ability and career and income development. 6,8,15,20,21 Precarious work in the care sector is not only harmful for the workers but also for patient safety, and it even increases the risk of death among patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and work well-being associated with employment precariousness among permanent and temporary nurses: A cross-sectional survey

Hult

Halminen

Mattila‐Holappa

et al. 2022

Nordic Journal of Nursing Research

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Nursing is at risk of becoming precarious employment with low wages, poor working conditions, heavy workload and underdeveloped career development possibilities. This study aimed to explore employment precariousness, health and work well-being among permanent and temporary practical nurses and registered nurses. The data were collected from Finnish nurses ( n = 5867) using an online questionnaire in autumn 2020. This cross-sectional study was reported by applying the STROBE guidelines. Temporary nurses perceived their health and work well-being as being better than permanent nurses; however, they also perceived higher employment precariousness. Vulnerability, such as being treated in an authoritarian manner, had the strongest negative association with health and work well-being among permanent and temporary nurses. Practical nurses and registered nurses perceived employment precariousness in several dimensions, but this needs to be further studied because the results of this study are somewhat contradictory. Also, further studies are required to survey post-COVID-19 care work, as the pandemic likely affected the study, resulting in higher experiences of precariousness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and work well-being associated with employment precariousness among permanent and temporary nurses: A cross-sectional survey

Hult

Halminen

Mattila‐Holappa

et al. 2022

Nordic Journal of Nursing Research

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“…Third, in the last 10 years, the market has failed to provide adequate employment opportunities corresponding to the increased availability of highly trained nurses [ 35 , 36 ]. Fourth, the unprecedented increase in the demand for nursing personnel by private institutions in the last decade reflects the growth of this sector in the Mexican health system [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results emphasize the restructuring of the nursing labor market in Mexico, with significant growth in the private sector [ 27 ]. This labor restructuring was preceded by a restructuring of the health-care market as a whole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We analyzed four performance indicators for the nursing labor market [ 13 , 26 ]: Unemployment (yes = 1/no = 0), denoting nurses who did not work for a payment although they were available and desired to work (or change jobs); Underemployment (yes = 1/no = 0), denoting nurses who were employed outside the health sector and who were available but preferred to work outside the health sector (or change jobs); Employment (yes = 1/no = 0), denoting nurses who were employed in the health sector and were available to work (or change jobs), and Non-precarious employment (yes = 1/no = 0), denoting nurses who self-reported having non-precarious jobs [ 13 ], in terms of three dimensions: (i) the economic, which considers the level of income received in exchange for labor force, using minimum wage as a reference; (ii) the regulations, which include the contract and duration of the working day, specifically, whether or not there is a written contract; and (iii) occupational safety, which includes the affiliation to social security and/or social benefits, measured by being receiving services from health institutions and having at least one social benefit. Based on this elements, and following our previous studies [ 13 , 27 ], a non-weighted score of additive work precariousness was built based on the sum of five dichotomous variables (yes = 1/no = 0): (i) salary: equal to 1 if the individual reported up to two times the minimum wage; (ii) workday: equal to 1 if the individual works less than 34 h or more than 48 h (part-time or extended time); (iii) contract: equal to 1 if the individual reported not having a written contract; (iv) social benefits: equal to 1 if the individual did not comply with this condition; (v) social security: equal to 1 if the individual self-reported not having access to services from health institutions. All these variables were counted as zero if they did not comply with the condition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Performance of the Mexican nursing labor market: a repeated cross-sectional study, 2005–2019

et al. 2022

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Background The close link between human resources for health and the performance of health systems calls for a comprehensive study of the labor market. This paper proposes a performance metric for the nursing labor market, measures its magnitude and analyzes its predictors over the last 15 years. Design and methods A repeated cross-sectional analysis using data from the quarterly population-based National Survey of Occupation and Employment 2005–2019 (ENOE in Spanish). An aggregate total of 19,311 Mexican nurses (population N = 4,816,930) was analyzed. Nursing labor market performance was defined as the level of non-precarious employment of nurses in the health sector. After describing the sociodemographic, labor and contextual characteristics of the nurses surveyed, we identified the key correlates of market performance using repeated cross-sectional multiple logistic regression analysis. We then estimated the adjusted prevalence of market performance according to the survey period and socioeconomic region of residence. Results The exogenous indicators analyzed shed light on various aspects of the market structure. Unemployment remained stable at 5% during the period examined, but underemployment rose by 26% and precarious employment, our endogenous indicator, also grew significantly. On the whole, our indicators revealed a notable deterioration in the structure of the nursing labor market; they varied by age and sex as well as between public and private institutions. Although the steepest deterioration occurred in the private sector, we observed an increase in precarious jobs among public institutions formerly protective of employment conditions. Conclusions The deterioration of the labor market jeopardizes the ability of nursing professionals to participate in the market as well as to obtain secure jobs once they do enter. The Mexican Health System suffers from a chronic dearth of nurses, reducing its capacity to achieve its core objectives including enhanced coverage and increased effectiveness. Nursing workforce planning requires a context where the conditions in which the market currently operates, and its potential deterioration are considered.

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“…In Brazil, nurses' working conditions have worsened, leading them to experience physical and psychological deterioration and compromising the societal value of nursing (Dias et al, 2019). In Mexico, the liberalization of the market following the North American Free Trade Agreement has led the Mexican health system to adopt private sector models that have worsened PE for nurses (Nigenda et al, 2020). In Poland, PE leads to a shortage of nursing students, because the profession is unattractive to young people (Marć et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High hiring rate of nurses in Catalonia and the rest of Spain hides precarious employment from 2010 to 2019: A quantitative study

Galbany-Estragués

Millán-Martínez

Casas-Baroy

et al. 2022

J Nursing Management

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Aim: This study aims to describe the hiring of nurses in Catalonia and the rest of Spain over 10 years.Background: Precarious employment (PE) has negative consequences for nurses' quality of life and work performance.Methods: Quantitative study using a retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive design.We analysed publicly available employment data from Catalonia and the rest of Spain. Results: Nurses are among the health professionals with the lowest proportion of open-term (permanent) contracts, 25% during the first 4 years of employment. During the study period, each nurse hired had an average of 3.44 contracts per year. The proportion of nurses with a fixed-term (non-permanent) contract shrank from 25.3% in 2006 to 20.5% in 2012 and grew rapidly to 38.7% in 2018. We estimate that 14,800 nurses signed fixed-term contracts in 2018 without ever having registered as unemployed in nursing. Conclusion: High rates of fixed-term hiring and the high number of contracts per nurse are evidence of a high level of PE for nurses in Catalonia. Implications for Nursing Management: When policymakers and workforce planners design recruitment and retention programmes for nurses, they should consider improving working conditions by extending more open-term contracts to combat PE and, indirectly, the shortage of nurses.

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The correlates of precarious working conditions in the Mexican nursing labour market from 2005 to 2018: A repeated cross‐sectional study

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Health and work well-being associated with employment precariousness among permanent and temporary nurses: A cross-sectional survey

Health and work well-being associated with employment precariousness among permanent and temporary nurses: A cross-sectional survey

Performance of the Mexican nursing labor market: a repeated cross-sectional study, 2005–2019

High hiring rate of nurses in Catalonia and the rest of Spain hides precarious employment from 2010 to 2019: A quantitative study

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