The Conversion of Nicotine in Tobacco Smoke to Its Volatile and Available Free-Base Form through the Action of Gaseous Ammonia

Pankow, James F.; Mader, B. T.; Isabelle, L. M.; Luo, Waylon; Pavlick, A.; Liang, Chong How

doi:10.1021/es982019w

Cited by 33 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…Nicotine in day 134 amniotic fluid samples was assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as described previously (29). Deuterated nicotine was added as an…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal nicotine increases pulmonary α7 nicotinic receptor expression and alters fetal lung development in monkeys

Sekhon¹,

Jia²,

Raab³

et al. 1999

J. Clin. Invest.

293

244

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It is well known that smoking during pregnancy is the largest preventable cause of low birth weight, premature delivery, neonatal morbidity, and mortality (1, 2). Perhaps less well appreciated is the recent, strong evidence that smoking during pregnancy directly and adversely effects lung development, as manifested by altered pulmonary function and increased respiratory illness in children born of smoking mothers (3-6). Stoddard and Gray (7) recently estimated that annual costs of increased respiratory illness associated with maternal smoking is in excess of 660 million dollars per year. How smoking produces these effects is not fully understood. While the cause of pulmonary damage caused by maternal smoking is likely to be multifactorial, evidence presented in this paper indicates that much of the effect of maternal smoking on the lung may be mediated by the interaction of nicotine with nicotinic receptors expressed in the developing lung.Multiple studies have shown increased lower respiratory illness in infants born of mothers who smoke (3, 4). Taylor and Wadsworth (3) studied 12,743 children and found significantly increased bronchitis and hospital admissions for lower respiratory illness in children from smoking mothers. Significantly increased hospital admissions were not seen for children whose mothers smoked only after pregnancy, arguing for a prenatal effect. Tager et al. (4) similarly found increased lower respiratory illness with prenatal smoke exposure, but not with postnatal exposure. Correlating the increased respiratory illness with altered pulmonary function, Hanrahan et al. (5) examined pulmonary function of infants shortly after birth (∼4.2 weeks) as a function of smoking during pregnancy (determined both by questionnaire and by urinary cotinine) and found decreased respiratory flow rates. In a follow-up study, Tager et al. (4) showed that the decreased ventilation at functional residual capacity (VFRC) seen with prenatal smoke exposure correlated directly with increased lower respiratory illnesses. Cunningham et al. (6) performed pulmonary function tests on 8,800 nonsmoking school children 8-12 years old and similarly found reduced forced expiratory flow in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Again the correlation was with prenatal, not postnatal, maternal smoking. This confirmed the earlier studies and suggested the deficit continued at least to adolescence.Animal studies on the effects of smoking or nicotine on lung development have been quite limited, and there have been no studies of potential molecular mechanisms. It is well established that maternal smoking during pregnancy is a leading preventable cause of low birth weight and prematurity. Less appreciated is that maternal smoking during pregnancy is also associated with alterations in pulmonary function at birth and greater incidence of respiratory illnesses after birth. To determine if this is the direct result of nicotine interacting with nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) during lung development, rhesus monkeys w...

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“…Nicotine in day 134 amniotic fluid samples was assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as described previously (29). Deuterated nicotine was added as an…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal nicotine increases pulmonary α7 nicotinic receptor expression and alters fetal lung development in monkeys

Sekhon¹,

Jia²,

Raab³

et al. 1999

J. Clin. Invest.

293

244

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, due to the chemical properties of tobacco smoke particulate phase, unconventional methods are required to test the pH of the solution to obtain the fraction of unprotonated nicotine. 12,13 These methods are complex and are beyond the scope of this project.…”

Section: Nicotine and Tobacco Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Initial Application of Low-Molecular Weight Organic Acids and Inorganic Ionic Species in Aerosol Particulate Matter via Ion Chromatography

Karpinski

2015

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Air pollution, especially particulate matter, is a widespread environmental and public health risk. In this work, a method has been developed to separate, resolve, and quantitate monovalent anionic and cationic organic acids in aerosol particulate matter through ion chromatography (IC). The standard samples were analyzed on a Dionex ICS-5000 Ion Chromatography System with suppressed conductivity detection, and calibration curves for all analytes were created. A preliminary tobacco smoke sample was also analyzed. This method may be applied to the analysis of atmospheric particulate matter, as well as tobacco smoke particulate matter, in order to determine and quantitate primary anions and cations.

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“…Die Gasphase (hinter dem Filter) wird nur zur Bestimmung von Kohlenmonoxid verwendet (Guerin, 2001). In mehreren Forschungsarbeiten wird bestätigt, dass die Zugabe von basischen Substanzen wie KOH, Diammoniumphosphat (DAHP) oder Ammoniak sowohl den pH Wert im Tabak als auch den prozentualen Gehalt an Nikotin in der Gasphase erhöhen (Pankow und Mader, 1997;Pankow, 2001;Pankow et al, 2003;Wigand, 2003). Während eine Referenzzigarette beispielsweise einen pH-Wert im Tabak von 5,3 und einen prozentualen Gehalt an freiem Nikotin in der Gasphase von 1,6 % aufweist, konnte durch Zusatz von 1,13 % NH 3 (als DAHP) der pH-Wert auf 6,4 und der prozentuale Nikotingehalt auf 2,03 % erhöht werden (Pankow, 2001).…”

Section: Feuchthaltemittelunclassified

Tabakzusatzstoffe in Zigaretten – Verwendungszweck und Gefahrenpotential

Merckel

Pragst

2007

J. Verbr. Lebensm.

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The Conversion of Nicotine in Tobacco Smoke to Its Volatile and Available Free-Base Form through the Action of Gaseous Ammonia

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Prenatal nicotine increases pulmonary α7 nicotinic receptor expression and alters fetal lung development in monkeys

Prenatal nicotine increases pulmonary α7 nicotinic receptor expression and alters fetal lung development in monkeys

Development and Initial Application of Low-Molecular Weight Organic Acids and Inorganic Ionic Species in Aerosol Particulate Matter via Ion Chromatography

Tabakzusatzstoffe in Zigaretten – Verwendungszweck und Gefahrenpotential

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