Tabakzusatzstoffe in Zigaretten – Verwendungszweck und Gefahrenpotential

Merckel, Careen; Pragst, F.

doi:10.1007/s00003-007-0196-5

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Styrene is classified as a volatile organic compound (VOC)a class of hazardous pollutants recognized formally by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) . Styrene is a precursor to polystyrene and is a common indoor pollutant, emitted from computer printers, , building materials, and tobacco smoke . Low-level exposures to such VOCs due to office equipment is known to cause mucous membrane irritation, headaches, and dry eyes, nose, and throat .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Chemistry of Organic Pollutants: Styrene, Ozone, and Water on TiO₂(110)

et al. 2008

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The modification in reactivity of styrene by ozone and water was investigated on TiO2(110) as a model for heterogeneous reactions of hazardous pollutants using temperature programmed desorption. Styrene desorbs from TiO2(110) at 180, 270, and 340 K, in peaks tentatively assigned here to multilayer sublimation and desorption from Ti4+ in the first layer and defects (including step edges), respectively. Water and styrene compete for sites when these species are coadsorbed, resulting in a shift of the 270 K styrene desorption peak to 200 K. Styrene, however, is still able to bind to defects. Ozone preadsorption suppresses styrene desorption associated with defects but results in a new styrene desorption feature at 535 K. Ozone also promotes styrene oxidation to formaldehyde (325 K), benzaldehyde (380 K), and styrene epoxide (545 K). Two pathways for the reaction of ozone with styrene were identified. First, ozonolysis of the terminal CC bond of styrene occurs, yielding benzaldehyde and formaldehyde, analogous to the gas-phase reaction. Second, a surface-mediated reaction converts styrene to styrene epoxide. The saturation behavior and thermal stability of the corresponding oxidizing species suggests it is possibly the result of surface-mediated decomposition of ozone into adsorbed O adatoms. Our results suggest that the heterogeneous thermal chemistry of styrene, and possibly nonpolar organic molecules in general, is dependent on moisture and ozone levels in the air, and that volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations can be significantly affected by anthropogenic interfaces such as titania-containing paints and coatings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Chemistry of Organic Pollutants: Styrene, Ozone, and Water on TiO₂(110)

et al. 2008

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“…Cigarettes and other manufactured tobacco products contain numerous additives (Merckel & Pragst, 2007). A total of 673 different tobacco additives (TA) are used during the production of cigarettes (Schenk, van de Nobelen, Pennings, Kienhuis, & Talhout, 2015) and one cigarette contains on average 68 different additive (Talhout, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 673 different tobacco additives (TA) are used during the production of cigarettes (Schenk, van de Nobelen, Pennings, Kienhuis, & Talhout, 2015) and one cigarette contains on average 68 different additive (Talhout, 2012 ). Additives such as sugar or vanillin may be perceived as being harmless, but develop into harmful carcinogen substances (e.g., formaldehyde) during the combustion process (Merckel & Pragst, 2007;Songur, Ozen, & Sarsilmaz, 2010;Swenberg et al, 2013). Some TA are thought to cause a higher bioavailability of nicotine, which increases nicotine addiction (Rabinoff, Caskey, Rissling, & Park, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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