The Conversion of Jatropha Oil into Jet Fuel on NiMo/Al‐MCM‐41 Catalyst: Intrinsic Synergic Effects between Ni and Mo

Abstract

Although there is much work focused on the conversion of biomass oil into a fuel on bimetallic Ni‐ and Mo‐based catalysts, the intrinsic synergic effects of Ni and Mo have not been revealed clearly. Herein, Mo/Al‐MCM‐41, Ni/Al‐MCM‐41, and NiMo/Al‐MCM‐41 catalysts are synthesized and used for the catalytic conversion of jatropha oil into jet fuel through a one‐step process. The molecular weight range (150–180 Da) of the jet fuel, obtained with a high yield of 63 wt% over 10% NiMo/Al‐MCM‐41 catalyst, is almost the same as that of the commercial aviation fuel of China. A bimetallic catalyst shows not only an excellent activity but also a high carbon‐resistance nature compared with a monometallic catalyst. Characterizations using X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction, high‐angle annular dark‐field detector high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HADDF‐TEM)‐mapping, and in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the formation of elliptical particles containing both Ni and Mo species and of appropriate acid sites with a proper density on the NiMo/Al‐MCM‐41 catalyst would result in a high yield of the jet fuel. Moreover, the electron transfer from Ni to Mo by a surface synergetic oxygen vacancy of Ni–Mo on the NiMo/Al‐MCM‐41 catalyst might be responsible for the excellent anti‐coke ability.

Insights into the Influence of ZrO2 Crystal Structures on Methyl Laurate Hydrogenation over Co/ZrO2 Catalysts

“…The weak and medium acid sites were derived from surface acidic OH groups (e.g., Zr–OH and Co–OH). The shoulder peaks located at approximately 390 °C were assigned to strong acid sites from metallic Co or coordinated unsaturated Zr δ+ ions. , The peaks related to strong acid sites could be found in Co/ZR2 and Co/ZR3 but were weak for other samples. In terms of the basicity, the peaks centered at 100 °C for Co/ZR1 and Co/ZR2 were ascribed to weak basic sites (basic OH – ).…”

Transformation of Jatropha Oil into High-Quality Biofuel over Ni–W Bimetallic Catalysts

“…Using a fixed-bed reactor, the DO of jatropha oil was conducted. 56 Typically, 3 g of catalyst sample (40–60 mesh) was loaded and mixed uniformly by small porcelain balls in the reactor to improve heat transfer. The experiments were conducted at 360 °C and overall pressure of 3 MPa in a mixed flow of H 2 and N 2 .…”

“…Using a fixed-bed reactor, the DO of jatropha oil was conducted . Typically, 3 g of catalyst sample (40–60 mesh) was loaded and mixed uniformly by small porcelain balls in the reactor to improve heat transfer.…”

Catalytic Production of Jet Fuels from Biomass

“…Supports with narrow porosity (i.e., micropores) are not suitable for the hydrotreating of vegetable oils in light of the large size of the TGs. Thus, carriers with porosity in the mesopore range are preferred to avoid diffusion limitations and to minimize pore blocking by heavier hydrocarbons [21,22].…”