The controversies surrounding Giardia intestinalis assemblages A and B

Zajaczkowski, Patricia; Lee, Rogan; Fletcher-Lartey, Stephanie; Alexander, Kate; Mahimbo, Abela; Stark, Damien; Ellis, John

doi:10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100055

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(303 reference statements)

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“…The overall prevalence of 5.7% obtained in this study is of public health significance because of the close interaction between the herders and their cattle, asymptomatic nature of giardiasis and the fact that cattle can harbor and transmit zoonotic assemblages of Giardia as was observed by Chen et al (2021) and Zajaczkowski et al (2021). The result of infection in calves in this study contributed greatly to the obtained prevalence signifying the potential risk of infection from calves to the handlers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with Giardia lamblia infection among cattle from Jere local government area of Borno state, Northeastern Nigeria

Dawud

Lawan

Jajere

et al. 2022

VIS

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This study was designed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Giardia lamblia infection among cattle in Jere local government area (LGA) of Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria. A total of 279 faecal samples were randomly collected from 12 cattle herds of the six wards of Jere LGA. The samples were screened for Giardia lamblia antigens with Copro-antigen Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Risk factors were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test where appropriate, and multivariable logistic regression. The overall prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection among cattle was 5.7% (95% CI = 3.20, 8.60). Location-specific prevalence of 5.4% (95% CI = 1.1, 9.8), 4.3% (95% CI = 0.0, 10.6), 4.3% (95% CI = 0.0, 10.6), 8.7% (95% CI = 0.0, 21.7), 6.4% (95% CI = 0.0, 14.9) and 8.7% (95% CI = 0.0, 21.7) for Old Maiduguri, Khaddamari, Bale Galtimari, Mashamari, Maimusari and Dusuman wards were respectively detected among the cattle herds. Multivariable logistic regression model revealed that Giardia lamblia positivity among cattle could be strongly predicted by age (Young cattle ≤ 1 year; OR = 32.0; 95% CI = 8.40, 120.13; p < 0.0001). The even spread of the infection among cattle throughout the wards could be described as endemic in Jere LGA suggesting high risk potential for infection of cattle handlers from calves. Therefore, further studies on genetic characterization to determine the incriminating assemblage as well as public enlightenment of cattle handlers on the public health significance of giardiasis in the study area was recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with Giardia lamblia infection among cattle from Jere local government area of Borno state, Northeastern Nigeria

Dawud

Lawan

Jajere

et al. 2022

VIS

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“…Assemblage E has been found in all cattle age groups; however, an association between the presence of this assemblage and the clinical diarrhoea was not identified [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. The prevalence of assemblages A and B in calves is of importance since both share zoonotic potential and expressed pathogenicity in humans [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Similar findings were reported from South Korea, the USA, and Canada, where the highest prevalence was observed in calves 7–8 and ≥12 weeks (15.4%) old, calves 2–11 months (52.0%) old, and calves under 6 months old (53.0%), with zoonotic assemblage A (3.8%; 12.2%; 13.0%, respectively) presence [ 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giardia duodenalis Styles, 1902 Prevalence in Cattle (Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758) in Europe: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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Giardia duodenalis Styles, 1902 is an infectious agent which can cause enteritic disease in cattle (Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758) worldwide. As a zoonotic protozoan, it is important to acknowledge Giardia prevalence and assemblages found in cattle and risk factors associated with the Giardia infection in herds. This systematic review aims to estimate the prevalence of G. duodenalis and its assemblages in cattle and to identify the risk factors associated with Giardia infection in cattle in Europe. A systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to collect information from published studies in Europe. A total of 1414 studies were identified and 17 relevant studies were included in this review. Mean Giardia prevalence in cattle in Europe was 35.1%, with the highest prevalence found in neonatal animals (39.6%), but mean heard prevalence was 67.0%. Mixed infections of Giardia assemblages A and E were found most frequently (55.6%), while assemblages A and B were found more frequently in animals under 24 months old. Risk factors, such as deep litter with run-out, prolonged calf contact with the dam, and seasonality, such as winter and spring, were found to be potential risk factors for Giardia presence in the herds.

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“…In the present study G. duodenalis assemblages displayed similarity with both sub-assemblages AI and AII, which have zoonotic potential ( Cai et al, 2021 ; Taghipour et al, 2022 ). This assemblage has been found in humans and in non-human primates, domestic and wild ruminants, alpacas, pigs, horses, domestic and wild canines, cats, ferrets, rodents, marsupials, and other mammals ( Cai et al, 2021 ; Sarria-Guzmán et al, 2022 ; Taghipour et al, 2022 ; Zajaczkowski et al, 2021 ). Sub-assemblage AI has been reported predominantly in livestock and pets, and sub-assemblage AII in humans ( Colli et al, 2015 ; Lebbad et al, 2011 ; Taghipour et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Detection of Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii in soil and water samples in the Quindío River basin, Colombia

Pinto-Duarte

Hernández-Arango

Marin-Gallego

et al. 2022

Food and Waterborne Parasitology

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The controversies surrounding Giardia intestinalis assemblages A and B

Cited by 24 publications

References 154 publications

Prevalence and risk factors associated with Giardia lamblia infection among cattle from Jere local government area of Borno state, Northeastern Nigeria

Prevalence and risk factors associated with Giardia lamblia infection among cattle from Jere local government area of Borno state, Northeastern Nigeria

Giardia duodenalis Styles, 1902 Prevalence in Cattle (Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758) in Europe: A Systematic Review

Detection of Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii in soil and water samples in the Quindío River basin, Colombia

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