Detection of Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii in soil and water samples in the Quindío River basin, Colombia

Pinto-Duarte, Valeria Alejandra; Hernández-Arango, Natalia; Marin-Gallego, Benyi Juliana; Toloza-Beltrán, Paola Andrea; Lora-Suarez, Fabiana; Gómez‐Marín, Jorge Enrique

doi:10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00175

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Similar findings were reported for Cryptosporidium prevalence in the Nile River, Egypt (33% by direct microscopy) (El-Khayat et al 2022 ) and in raw water samples in Iran (30% by IFA) (Mahmoudi et al 2013 ). The higher prevalence rate for Giardia in raw water samples collected from the Quindío River basin was reported in Colombia (43.6% by PCR) (Pinto-Duarte et al 2022 ), for Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Greece (> 47% by IFA) (Ligda et al 2020 ), Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in Canadian rivers (> 63% by IFA and > 50% by PCR) (Prystajecky et al 2014 ). However, a lower prevalence of Giardia cysts in Ethiopian rivers (16% by IFA) was recorded (Kifleyohannes and Robertson 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

Moussa,

Ashour,

Soliman

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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Over the past three decades, a notable rise in the occurrence of enteric protozoan pathogens, especially Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp., in drinking water sources has been observed. This rise could be attributed not only to an actual increase in water contamination but also to improvements in detection methods. These waterborne pathogens have played a pivotal role in disease outbreaks and the overall escalation of disease rates in both developed and developing nations worldwide. Consequently, the control of waterborne diseases has become a vital component of public health policies and a primary objective of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Limited studies applied real-time PCR (qPCR) and/or immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for monitoring Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp., particularly in developing countries like Egypt. Water samples from two conventional drinking water treatment plants and two compact units (CUs) were analyzed using both IFA and qPCR methods to detect Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Using qPCR and IFA, the conventional DWTPs showed complete removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, whereas Mansheyat Alqanater and Niklah CUs achieved only partial removal. Specifically, Cryptosporidium gene copies removal rates were 33.33% and 60% for Mansheyat Alqanater and Niklah CUs, respectively. Niklah CU also removed 50% of Giardia gene copies, but no Giardia gene copies were removed by Mansheyat Alqanater CU. Using IFA, both Mansheyat Alqanater and Niklah CUs showed a similar removal rate of 50% for Giardia cysts. Additionally, Niklah CU achieved a 50% removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts, whereas Mansheyat Alqanater CU did not show any removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Conventional DWTPs were more effective than CUs in removing enteric protozoa. The contamination of drinking water by enteric pathogenic protozoa remains a significant issue globally, leading to increased disease rates. Infectious disease surveillance in drinking water is an important epidemiological tool to monitor the health of a population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

Moussa,

Ashour,

Soliman

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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show abstract

“…For the soil, only three studies have reported infections of G. duodenalis in soil samples. The pooled prevalence was 17.61% (81/460) [ [45] , [46] , [47] ]. Among the positive samples, only eight samples were successfully genotyped by ssu rRNA or gdh genes, including assemblage A (50.0%, 4/8) and B (50.0%, 4/8) [ 47 ].…”

Section: Molecular Characteristics Of G Duodenalis ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pooled prevalence was 17.61% (81/460) [ [45] , [46] , [47] ]. Among the positive samples, only eight samples were successfully genotyped by ssu rRNA or gdh genes, including assemblage A (50.0%, 4/8) and B (50.0%, 4/8) [ 47 ]. There were also some other negative results reported for G. duodenalis infections in soil samples, such as in Brazil [ 48 , 49 ], Egypt [ 44 ], and Mongolia [ 50 ].…”

Section: Molecular Characteristics Of G Duodenalis ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of rodents in the zoonotic transmission of giardiasis

Qin

et al. 2023

One Health

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Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

Moussa¹,

Ashour

Soliman

et al. 2023

Preprint

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During the past thirty years, there has been a significant increase in the contamination of drinking water by enteric pathogenic protozoa, particularly Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. Such microbial contamination has been responsible for disease outbreaks and increased background rates of disease in developed and developing countries worldwide. As such, controlling waterborne diseases is a critical aspect of public health policy and the primary objective of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Limited studies applied real-time PCR (qPCR) and/or Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for monitoring Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp., particularly in developing countries like Egypt. Samples of water from two conventional drinking water treatment plants and two compact units (CUs) were analyzed using both IFA and qPCR methods to detect Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The conventional DWTPs showed complete removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium gene copies, whereas Mansheyat Alqanater and Niklah CUs achieved only partial removal. Specifically, Cryptosporidium gene copies removal rates were 33.33% and 60% for Mansheyat Alqanater and Niklah CUs, respectively. Niklah CU also removed 50% of Giardia gene copies, but no Giardia gene copies were removed by Mansheyat Alqanater CU. Conventional DWTPs were more effective than CUs in removing enteric protozoa. The contamination of drinking water by enteric pathogenic protozoa remains a significant issue globally, leading to increased disease rates. Infectious disease surveillance in drinking water is an important epidemiological tool to monitor the health of a population.

show abstract

Detection of Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii in soil and water samples in the Quindío River basin, Colombia

Cited by 3 publications

References 81 publications

Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

Role of rodents in the zoonotic transmission of giardiasis

Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants

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