The Control of the Large Intestine by the Decentralized Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion

Lawson, Hampden; Holt, J. P.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1937.118.4.780

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…There have been a number of previous studies which suggest that enteric neurones may give rise to axons which synapse in the IMG (Garry, 1933;Lawson, 1934;Lawson & Holt, 1937;Kuntz, 1940;Kuntz & Saccomanno, 1944;Job & Lundberg, 1952;McLennan & Pascoe, 1954). Our electrophysiological observations at the single unit level strongly support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Excitatory input from the distal colon to the inferior mesenteric ganglion in the guinea‐pig

Crowcroft¹,

Holman²,

Szurszewski³

1971

The Journal of Physiology

164

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4. The excitatory activity was irreversibly abolished when the lumbar colonic nerves were cut and reversibly abolished when tetrodotoxin (5 x 1O-7 g/ml.) was added to the colon side of a two-compartment organ bath.5. Addition of dihydro-,8-erythroidine (5 x 10-g/ml.) to the ganglion side of the bath abolished the synaptic activity of colonic origin and the synaptic responses to stimulation of any of the nerve trunks connected to the IMG.6. Addition of dihydro-fi-erythroidine (1 x 10-5 g/ml.) to the colon side of the bath markedly depressed the synaptic input of colonic origin but had no effect on synaptic responses produced by preganglionic nerve stimulation.7. Distension of the colonic segment and the application of 5-HT (1 x 10-5 g/ml.) to the mucosal surface of the colon increased the frequency of synaptic input. P. J. CR0 WOROFT AND OTHERS 8. The synaptic input from the colon was transiently blocked following repetitive stimulation of any of the nerve trunks connected to the IMG. The discharge of miniature synaptic potentials was unaffected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Excitatory input from the distal colon to the inferior mesenteric ganglion in the guinea‐pig

Crowcroft¹,

Holman²,

Szurszewski³

1971

The Journal of Physiology

164

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“…There is some evidence of a local reflex control of the gut via the inferior mesenteric ganglion; Garry (1933), for instance, speaking of the large bowel of the cat, states that 'division of the spinal rami to the inferior mesenteric ganglia alone certainly never causes such marked increase in colonic activity as division of the lumbar colonic nerves'. Lawson & Holt (1937) describe a similar effect in the dog, though since the ganglia were decentralized chronically in their experiments there exists the possibility that the local effects ascribed to the ganglia might have been due to spontaneous activity of the postganglionic neurones. Kuntz (1940) and Kuntz & Saccomanno (1944) claim that the intestino-intestinal reflex persists after chronic decentralization of the inferior mesenteric ganglion and removal of the lumbar sympathetic chains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The origin of certain non‐medullated nerve fibres which form synapses in the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the rabbit

McLennan¹,

Pascoe²

1954

The Journal of Physiology

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have shown that in the mesenteric nerves leaving the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the rabbit there is a distinct group of nerve fibres conducting at 0-25 m/sec at 200 C. These fibres were found to form synapses in the ganglion with nerves conducting at 0 45 m/sec. The postsynaptic fibres return along the same nerve trunks by which the slower fibres enter the ganglion, and, as judged by their velocity of conduction, were not different from the other postsynaptic fibres leaving the ganglion. The mesenteric nerves are composed largely of postganglionic fibres, and the slow preganglionic axons form only a small proportion of the total. This paper describes our attempts to determine the origin of the slow fibres,

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“…Lium (63) recorded an increase in motor activity of the rectum after extirpation of the inferior mesenteric ganglion. Gary (38) in his studies on the cat colon and Lawson & Holt (58) in their studies on the colon of the anesthetized and unanesthetized dog found that colonic tone increased following removal of the inferior mesent eric ganglion. Learmonth & Markowitz (59) found an increase in intraco Ionic pressure after section of the lumbar colonic nerves.…”

Section: Peripheral Reflexes Between Prevertebral Ganglia and The Gi mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of Mammalian Prevertebral Ganglia

Szurszewski¹

1981

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

139

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When assessing the physiological role of the prevertebral ganglia, the following should be considered. Ganglion cells in these ganglia receive continuous excitatory synaptic input from peripheral sensory mechanoreceptors and central preganglionic neurons. The latter may result from sensory afferents projecting from the gastrointestinal tract to spinal preganglionic neurons or as a result of endogenous oscillator activity located in the spinal cord (18) or within the ganglion (45). Peripheral and spinal reflex pathways probably do not operate as separate, independent pathways. Rather, they must be considered functionally integrated in the prevertebral ganglia. Because of continuous synaptic input, the prevertebral neuron operates at some level of "neurogenic tone" that provides capabilities for bi-directional responses. An increase in spinal or peripheral synaptic input will be matched by a proportional increase in output firing. The functional effect of spatial summation of peripheral and central input is to prime the prevertebral neuron so that adjustments in its firing frequency can be made without the lag inherent in building up a response in a quiescent system. Not all prevertebral ganglia participate in reflex activity. It may be that reflex activity between prevertebral ganglia and visceral smooth muscle depends upon the nature of the mechanical activity of the muscle. For example, the mechanical activity of smooth muscle of the vas deferens is not characterized by spontaneous, myogenic, regularly occurring contractions. Mechanical activity in this organ occurs in bursts. There is no evidence to suggest that sensory fibers project from the wall of the vas deferens to the hypogastric plexus thereby forming a peripheral reflex arc. Contraction of th smooth muscle of the vas deferens is brought about by bursts of nerve impulses through simple relay connections in the pelvic plexus. Smooth muscles supplied by this ganglion have a direct line to the central nervous system and are secured by a "fail-safe" system. In contrast, the mechanical activity of the gastrointestinal system is characterized by slow spontaneous myogenic activity. Pattern formation of motor activity is achieved by reflex activity within the enteric plexuses. Extrinsic alteration of the nature and pattern of contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract would be best served by prevertebral ganglia that modulate and adjust motor function by continuous integration of convergent weak synaptic input emanating from the peripheral and central nervous systems. When a prevertebral neuron is part of a peripheral reflex loop, its physiological role may be to modulate end organ activity; when it does not participate in a peripheral reflex loop, its role may be to relay CNS input and initiate end organ activity.

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The Control of the Large Intestine by the Decentralized Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Excitatory input from the distal colon to the inferior mesenteric ganglion in the guinea‐pig

Excitatory input from the distal colon to the inferior mesenteric ganglion in the guinea‐pig

The origin of certain non‐medullated nerve fibres which form synapses in the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the rabbit

Physiology of Mammalian Prevertebral Ganglia

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