Abstract:Benjamini and Hochberg suggest that the false discovery rate may be the appropriate error rate to control in many applied multiple testing problems. A simple procedure was given there as an FDR controlling procedure for independent test statistics and was shown to be much more powerful than comparable procedures which control the traditional familywise error rate. We prove that this same procedure also controls the false discovery rate when the test statistics have positive regression dependency on each of the… Show more
“…Analysis of allele frequencies (GENEPOP V4.0.7, Rousset 2008) revealed that one locus (WSl03) showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Neither Bonferroni correction, or the less conservative B-Y FDR method (Benjamini and Yekutieli 2001;Narum 2006), altered this result. There was no significant probability of null-alleles (P [ 0.05) (MICRO-CHECKER, Van Oosterhout et al 2004).…”
The White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) has an extensive European breeding distribution. There have been significant demographic changes since the 1930s, with country-specific extinctions throughout the western distribution since the mid-1940s. Following various reintroduction programs significant concerns have been raised about the geographic origins of introduced storks, and the effect this may have on individual biology, particularly breeding success. Here we report on seven new microsatellite markers developed for C. ciconia that have been successfully combined in a series of multiplex PCR's with six markers previously described for the Wood Stork.
“…Analysis of allele frequencies (GENEPOP V4.0.7, Rousset 2008) revealed that one locus (WSl03) showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Neither Bonferroni correction, or the less conservative B-Y FDR method (Benjamini and Yekutieli 2001;Narum 2006), altered this result. There was no significant probability of null-alleles (P [ 0.05) (MICRO-CHECKER, Van Oosterhout et al 2004).…”
The White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) has an extensive European breeding distribution. There have been significant demographic changes since the 1930s, with country-specific extinctions throughout the western distribution since the mid-1940s. Following various reintroduction programs significant concerns have been raised about the geographic origins of introduced storks, and the effect this may have on individual biology, particularly breeding success. Here we report on seven new microsatellite markers developed for C. ciconia that have been successfully combined in a series of multiplex PCR's with six markers previously described for the Wood Stork.
“…The fixed effects were 'day of treatment' (from the first to the third night of treatment), 'weather' (in this analysis stormy days were pooled with rainy days because they were restricted to a single cycle) and 'temperature at sunrise'. We ran one-tailed tests because the predicted effect is only in one direction using the pbkrtest package (Halekoh & Højsgaard, 2014); we adjusted P values for multiple testing (eight tests) using the false discovery rate (Benjamini & Yekutieli, 2001). For the robin, for which we found evidence for a carryover effect during the illuminated phase, we evaluated whether it was similar in both years by adding the interaction between 'day of treatment' and 'year' in the model.…”
The disruption of daily rhythms is one of the most studied ecological consequences of light pollution. Previous work showed that several songbird species initiated dawn song earlier in areas with light pollution. However, the mechanisms underlying this shift are still unknown. Individuals may immediately adjust their timing of singing to the presence of artificial light (behavioural plasticity), but the observed effect may also be due to phenotype-dependent habitat choice, effects of conditions during early life or micro-evolution. The main aim of this study was to experimentally investigate how males of four common passerine species respond to day-to-day variation in the presence of artificial night lighting in terms of the timing of singing. During two consecutive breeding seasons, we manipulated the presence of light throughout the night in a cyclic fashion in several naturally undisturbed forest patches. We show that individuals of all four species immediately and reversibly adjusted their onset of dawn singing in response to artificial light. The effect was strongest in the European robin, but relatively small in the blue tit, the great tit and the blackbird. The effect in the latter two species was smaller than expected from the correlational studies. This may be coincidence (small sample size of this study), but it could also indicate that there are longer-term effects of living in light-polluted urban areas on timing of dawn singing, or that birds use compensatory behaviours such as light avoidance. We found no evidence that our light treatment had carryover effects into the subsequent dark period, but robins progressively advanced their dawn singing during the light treatment.
“…The level of significance (0.05) was adjusted following Benjamini and Yekutieli (2001), and the level of significance resulting was 0.1625; the program used was SPSS 15.0 for Windows.…”
Fire is an ecological factor that has been present in the ecosystems of the Mediterranean region for thousands of years. Our study was undertaken to acquire knowledge of the effect of fire on the germination of Mediterranean species. We used high temperatures (up to 60°C) and smoke to determine the effect of these factors on the germination of species from the Mediterranean region. The species selected are characteristic of the central Mediterranean basin and are representative of both woody and herbaceous species: Rhamnus alaternus L., Cistus albidus L., Cistus monspeliensis L., Fumana ericoides (Cav.) Gand., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Melica ciliata L., Avena sterilis L., Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt., Anthyllis vulneraria L., Coronilla glauca L., Argyrolobium zanonii (Turra) P.W. Balland, Emerus major Mill., Genista scorpius (L.) D.C. and Spartium junceum L. The seeds were collected in Mediterranean shrubland (8) and woodland (6) ecosystems, around Montpellier, France (24°45 0 N and 3°50 0 E). Ten treatments were tested: a control, three smoke treatments and six heat treatments. The average germination level (germination percentage) and the average T 50 rates (time taken to reach 50% of germination) were calculated. The smoke and heat act in a different way on each of the species. The smoke enhanced the germination of two species, whilst moderate heat increased germination in all of the species excepting R. officinalis, F. ericoides, A. sterilis, A. vulneraria, and G. scorpius. Germination was fastest in M. ciliata and S. junceum and slowest in A. sterilis, E. major and C. albidus. The cues did not significantly affect the rate of germination. Fire modified the germination response of 12 of the 14 species studied.
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