The Control of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Osteogenic Differentiation through Modified Surfaces

Abstract

Stem cells continue to receive widespread attention due to their potential to revolutionise treatments in the fields of both tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Adult stem cells, specifically mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), play a vital role in the natural events surrounding bone healing and osseointegration through being stimulated to differentiate along their osteogenic lineage and in doing so, they form new cortical and trabecular bone tissue. Understanding how to control, manipulate, and enhance the intrinsic healing events modulated through osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by the use of modified surfaces and biomaterials could potentially advance the fields of both orthopaedics and dentistry. This could be by either using surface modification to generate greater implant stability and more rapid healing following implantation or the stimulation of MSCs ex vivo for reimplantation. This review aims to gather publications targeted at promoting, enhancing, and controlling the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs through biomaterials, nanotopographies, and modified surfaces for use in implant procedures.

Skeletal stem cell and bone implant interactions are enhanced by LASER titanium modification

“…4 that generates enhanced implant stability and/or indeed accelerated healing following implantation [16].…”

Low dose effect of bisphosphonates on hMSCs osteogenic response to titanium surface in vitro

“…The surface properties of the implant play an integral role for implant osseointegration (Le et al, 2007, Colombo et al, 2012). Also, the topography and chemistry of the surface properties can control the quantity and quality of adhered cells to the implant (Rosales-Leal et al, 2010, Logan and Brett, 2013). It has been reported that optimal surface roughness can lead to effective osseointegration (Halldin et al, 2014).…”

Influence of biomaterial nanotopography on the adhesive and elastic properties of Staphylococcus aureus cells

“…More specifically, they are used in a wide range of medical applications such as catheters, artificial heart valve replacements, and orthopaedic and dental implants 3 . In recent years, many surface modifications have been incorporated into the design of biomaterials in the hope of improving their biological activity and host tissue integration 3,4 .…”