The control of developmental phase transitions in plants

Huijser, Peter; Schmid, Markus

doi:10.1242/dev.063511

Cited by 560 publications

(532 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…4) (refs 29,31). SPL9, À 10, À 2, À 3, À 11, À 13 and À 15 have been shown to function similarly and redundantly with each other in regulation of the juvenile-to-adult phase transition and flowering time [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] . SPLs also feedback-regulate miR156 precursor transcription 29 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of carbon dioxide and temperature on microRNA expression in Arabidopsis development

et al. 2013

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Elevated levels of CO 2 and temperature can both affect plant growth and development, but the signalling pathways regulating these processes are still obscure. MicroRNAs function to silence gene expression, and environmental stresses can alter their expressions. Here we identify, using the small RNA-sequencing method, microRNAs that change significantly in expression by either doubling the atmospheric CO 2 concentration or by increasing temperature 3-6°C. Notably, nearly all CO 2 -influenced microRNAs are affected inversely by elevated temperature. Using the RNA-sequencing method, we determine strongly correlated expression changes between miR156/157 and miR172, and their target transcription factors under elevated CO 2 concentration. Similar correlations are also found for microRNAs acting in auxin-signalling, stress responses and potential cell wall carbohydrate synthesis. Our results demonstrate that both CO 2 and temperature alter microRNA expression to affect Arabidopsis growth and development, and miR156/157-and miR172-regulated transcriptional network might underlie the onset of early flowering induced by increasing CO 2 .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of carbon dioxide and temperature on microRNA expression in Arabidopsis development

et al. 2013

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“…7). miR156 and miR172 have been identified as key components of the mechanisms that underlie the transition from juvenile to adult phase (Huijser and Schmid, 2011); however, although the roles of these miRNAs have been studied extensively, the mechanisms involved in their regulation are still largely unknown, especially those related to the age-dependent decline of miR156. We found that plants impaired in AtBMI1 function showed increased levels of MIR156A/C at the time the levels of miR156 should decline, which indicates that AtBMI1 proteins are required for miR156 repression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the juvenile-to-adult phase transition, plants acquire competence to flower as well as undergo changes in multiple traits, such as leaf size and shape, internode length, and trichome distribution (Huijser and Schmid, 2011;Poethig, 2013). Although PcG proteins may have a role in regulating this developmental transition, the severity of the phenotype in some PcG mutants or the lack of phenotype in others has concealed their possible implication.…”

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confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Role of POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX1 Variants in Regulating the Acquisition of Flowering Competence in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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Polycomb group (PcG) proteins play important roles in regulating developmental phase transitions in plants; however, little is known about the role of the PcG machinery in regulating the transition from juvenile to adult phase. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) B lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region1 homolog (BMI1) POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX1 (PRC1) components participate in the repression of microRNA156 (miR156). Loss of AtBMI1 function leads to the up-regulation of the primary transcript of MIR156A and MIR156C at the time the levels of miR156 should decline, resulting in an extended juvenile phase and delayed flowering. Conversely, the PRC1 component EMBRYONIC FLOWER (EMF1) participates in the regulation of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE and MIR172 genes. Accordingly, plants impaired in EMF1 function displayed misexpression of these genes early in development, which contributes to a CONSTANSindependent up-regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) leading to the earliest flowering phenotype described in Arabidopsis. Our findings show how the different regulatory roles of two functional PRC1 variants coordinate the acquisition of flowering competence and help to reach the threshold of FT necessary to flower. Furthermore, we show how two central regulatory mechanisms, such as PcG and microRNA, assemble to achieve a developmental outcome.Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are conserved epigenetic regulators that mediate gene repression through the incorporation of histone-modifying marks (Calonje, 2014). As far as it is known, PcG proteins associate in two multiprotein complexes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana): POLYCOMB REPRES-SIVE COMPLEX1 (PRC1) and PRC2. The combined activity of the two complexes is required for stable repression of the target genes.The major function of PRC2 is to perform histone H3 lysine-27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) through the methyltransferase activity of CURLY LEAF (CLF) and SWINGER (SWN) during sporophyte development or of MEDEA in the endosperm (Chanvivattana et al., 2004). Other PRC2 components are the Drosophila melanogaster suppressor of zeste12 homologs VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2), EMBRYONIC FLOWER2 (EMF2), and FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT SEED2, which confer specificity to the resulting PRC2s even though they have some overlapping functions (Chanvivattana et al., 2004), and finally MULTICOPY SUPPRESSOR OF INHIBITORY REGULATOR OF THE RAS-CYCLIC AMP PATHWAY and FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM, which are common subunits for the different PRC2s (Derkacheva and Hennig, 2014). On the other hand, the identity of Arabidopsis PRC1 is not defined yet. PRC1-mediated function can be histone 2A monoubiquitination (H2Aub) dependent, through the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the PRC1 RING finger proteins Arabidopsis B lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region1 homolog 1A (AtBMI1A)/B/C and AtRING1A/B, or H2Aub independent, which requires the activity of the PRC1 component EMF1 (Bratzel et al., 2010(Bratzel et al., , 2012Yang et al., 2013a;Calo...

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“…In animals, there are some reports of transcription factors directly associating with pri-miRNA genes and resulting in the expression or repression of the associated genes (Hino et al, 2008;Xiong et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2012b). In Arabidopsis and other angiosperms, miR156 and miR172 are regulators of phase transitions, with miR156 delaying phase transitions while miR172 promotes the progression through the life cycle (for review, see Huijser and Schmid, 2011). Several direct regulators of miR172-encoding genes have been identified, including the MADS factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE, which is involved in the repression of pri-miR172a (Cho et al, 2012), and SPL9, which leads to an accumulation of miR172 (Wu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Fus3 and Genes Regulated In Response To Supraoptimal Temperamentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Direct Targets of FUSCA3, a Key Regulator of Arabidopsis Seed Development

2013

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FUSCA3 (FUS3) is a B3 domain transcription factor that is a member of the LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC) group of genes. The LEC genes encode proteins that also include LEC2, a B3 domain factor related to FUS3, and LEC1, a CCAAT box-binding factor. LEC1, LEC2, and FUS3 are essential for plant embryo development. All three loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) prematurely exit embryogenesis and enter seedling developmental programs. When ectopically expressed, these genes promote embryo programs in seedlings. We report on chromatin immunoprecipitation-tiling array experiments to globally map binding sites for FUS3 that, along with other published work to assess transcriptomes in response to FUS3, allow us to determine direct from indirect targets. Many transcription factors associated with embryogenesis are direct targets of FUS3, as are genes involved in the seed maturation program. FUS3 regulates genes encoding microRNAs that, in turn, control transcripts encoding transcription factors involved in developmental phase changes. Examination of direct targets of FUS3 reveals that FUS3 acts primarily or exclusively as a transcriptional activator. Regulation of microRNA-encoding genes is one mechanism by which FUS3 may repress indirect target genes. FUS3 also directly up-regulates VP1/ABI3-LIKE1 (VAL1), encoding a B3 domain protein that functions as a repressor of transcription. VAL1, along with VAL2 and VAL3, is involved in the transition from embryo to seedling development. Many genes are responsive to FUS3 and to VAL1/VAL2 but with opposite regulatory consequences. The emerging picture is one of complex cross talk and interactions among embryo transcription factors and their target genes.

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The control of developmental phase transitions in plants

Cited by 560 publications

References 112 publications

The effects of carbon dioxide and temperature on microRNA expression in Arabidopsis development

The effects of carbon dioxide and temperature on microRNA expression in Arabidopsis development

Deciphering the Role of POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX1 Variants in Regulating the Acquisition of Flowering Competence in Arabidopsis

Identification of Direct Targets of FUSCA3, a Key Regulator of Arabidopsis Seed Development

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