The origin of Senecio vulgaris L. and the relationship of its two subspecies, ssp. vulgaris and ssp. denticulatus (0. F. Muell.) P. D. Sell, are examined using nuclear ribosomal and chioroplast DNA analyses. No evidence was found to support either an allopolyploid or an autopolyploid origin of S. vulgaris, although it would appear that S. vernalis Waldst. & Kit, is not one of the progenitor taxa. Two results of particular interest were found: (i) the apparent identity of the chioroplast genomes of S. vulgaris ssp. vulgaris and S. squalidus L. and (ii) the divergence of the chloroplast genomes of ssp. vulgaris and Ainsdale ssp. denticulatus by at least eight site mutations. These results are discussed in the light of evidence derived from morphological, cytological and allozyme studies.