The Contribution of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted by Petals and Pollen to the Scent of Garden Roses

Abstract

Flower scent is an important trait of ornamental roses and has been an important character in the selection processes. In the present study, the composition of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by both petals and pollen of 21 garden roses (Chinensis, Climber, English rose, Floribunda, Hybrid Tea, Multiflora, Damascena, Musk rose, Polyantha, Rugosa and Shrub) was investigated through the GC-MS Static Headspace method. A total of 19 different VOCs were detected, and for each identified compound, an odorant description was included. In petals, the most common VOCs were 2-phenylethanol, methyl eugenol, and hexanal, present in 95%, 86% and 86% of garden roses, respectively. While, in pollen were methyl eugenol, methyl-1-butanol, and hexanal (present in 100%, 95%, and 90% of the genotypes, respectively), even if in lower content. The comparison between the petals and pollen profile shown that, even with less quantity, the main compounds characterizing the scent of the studied roses are present both in the petals and in the pollen (19 and 17 compounds, respectively), with different magnitude. Overall, the content of VOCs emitted by petals was more than five times higher than that produced by pollen. Different and characteristic VOCs profiles were emitted by petals and pollen of the studied garden roses.

Evaluation of the physical, antioxidant, and organoleptic properties of biscuits fortified with edible flower powders

“…Overall, consumer acceptance was highest in the case of rose biscuits, probably due to the sweet and floral flavor of rose petals. Caser and Scariot ( 2022 ) analyzed the composition of volatile organic compounds emitted by garden rose petals and found that different components can be associated with different scents. For instance, species with high hexanal content can be associated with sweet, green, and apple scents.…”

New Insights into the Mechanism of Spatiotemporal Scent Accumulation in Orchid Flowers

“…Flower scents can help plants to attract pollinators [ 1 ] and are an important commodity for ornamental flowers [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Thus, the biochemical mechanism of flower scent formation is an attractive topic to scientists and breeders and has been widely described for many plants [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

“…These groups are classified according to the number of five-carbon (C 5 ) units and their biosynthesis via either the cytosolic mevalonic acid (MVA) or the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways [ 15 ]. Monoterpenes have been found to be especially important floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plants [ 3 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. They also act as the main compounds of floral scents in orchid species.…”

The LibHLH22 and LibHLH63 from Lilium ‘Siberia’ Can Positively Regulate Volatile Terpenoid Biosynthesis

“…[1,2]. To make better use of floral fragrance in order to meet people's daily life needs, the compounds, release rules, and molecular regulatory mechanisms of various fragrant flowers have been studied deeply, such as rose, peony, orchid, wintersweet, freesia, dendrobium, osmanthus, oncidium, plum blossom, and Hedychium coronarium [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Lilies are also known as famous fragrant flowers, and therefore, the composition and biosynthesis of their floral fragrance have been extensively studied.…”