The Contribution of Various Tissues and Organs to Total Body Mass in the Mule Deer

Te, Hakonson; Fw, Whicker

doi:10.2307/1378608

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The weight of the rumen and reticulum tissue of blue sheep accounted for 80.88 ± 0.45% of the weight of the stomach tissue, which is similar to that of roe deer (70%), black-tailed deer (71%), red deer (77%), and sika deer (75%) [ 52 , 55 , 56 , 58 ]. The weight of the rumen and reticulum (contents included) accounted for 12.8 ± 0.04% of the body weight of blue sheep, ranging from 11% to 20%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Previous studies have shown that blue sheep should be classified as a medium-sized ruminant in terms of their body weight (32.2 ± 1.4 kg) [ 53 ], and the proportion of the stomach to body weight (2.23 ± 0.93%). The findings of the current study are in agreement with those of other studies concerning ruminants, such as the sika deer ( Cervus nippon at 2.2%, indicating a similar proportion of stomach to body weight), black-tailed deer ( Odocoiteus hemionus , 1.2%), white-tailed deer ( O. virginianus , 1.9%), fallow deer ( Dama dama , 3.0%), red deer ( Cervus canadensis , 3.0%), roe deer ( Capreolus capreolu , 2.8%), and goat ( Capra hircus , 2.7%) [ 52 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Sexes and Seasons on the Morphological Structures of the Ruminant Digestive System of Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur)

Meng

Wang

et al. 2023

Animals

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Constant adaptation to environmental changes is required by ruminants to allow them to adapt to different ecological niches and feeding habits. In addition, the morphology and function of ruminant digestive systems reveal some adaptive evolutionary characteristics. Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) display a variety of morpho-physiological adaptations that are typical of grazers. In this study, we collected 64 adult blue sheep samples (whole animal carcasses) from the Helan Mountains, China, during different seasons. The external morphological parameters, digestive system morphological indexes, and rumen surface enlargement factors were determined. Our results reveal that the rumen and reticulum weights were positively correlated with the body weight (p = 0.004), while the food channel aperture, intestinal length, and weight of the blue sheep digestive tract presented no significant differences between different seasons (p > 0.05) and sexes (p > 0.05). There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in the density, length, and width of mastoids, and the rumen surface enlargement factor was 2.85 ± 1.37, which is typical of roughage feeders. The nutritional and ecological characteristics of blue sheep represent obvious morphological and physiological adaptations to an herbivorous diet. Adopting a quick foraging strategy allows blue sheep to rapidly consume and excrete large amounts of feed, thus obtaining the required energy for their activities and facilitating better adaption to environmental changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sexes and Seasons on the Morphological Structures of the Ruminant Digestive System of Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur)

Meng

Wang

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…In mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 10% of body weight was bone tissue [19], similar to red deer [20]. Bones of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) had 28.6% moisture and contained 58.5% ash (dry basis) of which 30.5% was P [21].…”

Section: Phosphorus In Female Red Deermentioning

confidence: 96%

“…bone mass 10% of body weight [19,20] [P] in wet bone 12.74% [21] [P] in soft tissue 15% above bone content [8] [P] in whole body 1.47% [8,19,20,21] P in female of 120kg 1.76 kg [8,19,20,21] Phosphorus in male red deer…”

Section: Phosphorus In Female Red Deermentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic Translocation of Phosphorus: The Role of Deer in Protected Areas

Flueck

2009

Sustainability

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Biogeochemical cycles are cornerstones of biological evolution. Mature terrestrial ecosystems efficiently trap nutrients and certain ones are largely recycled internally. Preserving natural fluxes of nutrients is an important mission of protected areas, but artificially leaky systems remain common. Native red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Swiss National Park (SNP) are known to reduce phosphorus (P) in preferred feeding sites by removing more P than is returned with feces. At larger scales it becomes apparent that losses are occurring due to seasonal deer movements out of the SNP where most deer end up perishing. Thus, the SNP contributes to producing deer which translocate P to sink areas outside the SNP due to several artificial factors. An adult female dying outside of SNP exports about 1.8 kg of P, whereas a male dying outside of SNP at 8 years of age exports 7.2 kg of P due also to annual shedding of antlers. Averaged over the vegetated part of the SNP, the about 2,000 deer export 0.32 kg/ha/yr of P. Other ungulate species using the SNP and dying principally outside of its borders would result in additional exports of P. Leakiness in this case is induced by: a) absence of the predator community and thus a lack of summer mortalities and absence of several relevant non-lethal predator effects, b) hunting-accelerated population turnover rate, and c) deaths outside of SNP principally from hunting. The estimated export rate for P compares to rates measured in extensive production systems which receive 10-50 kg/ha/yr of P as fertilizer to compensate the losses from biomass exports. Assumptions were made regarding red deer body weight or population turnover rate, yet substituting my estimates with actual values from the SNP would only affect somewhat the magnitude of the effect, but not its direction. The rate of P loss is a proxy for losses of other elements, the most critical ones being those not essential OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2009, 1 105 to autotrophs, but essential to heterotrophs. High deer turnover rates combined with accelerated biomass export warrants detailed mass balances of macro and micro nutrients, and studies of biogeochemical cycles in protected areas are essential if preserving natural processes is a mandate.

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“…A model for Reference Man was developed in 1949 to express the relative contribution of tissues and organs to total body mass in humans (Snyder 1967, In- A similar model was investigated for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) for use in calculating contaminant doses to deer and to organisms that consume deer flesh (Hakonson and Whicker 1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%