The contribution of diet and lifestyle to socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality

How does the risk of cardiovascular death and cardiovascular risk factor profiles differ between socioeconomic classes in Poland: A country in transition

“…It was found that higher education was independently associated with lower prevalence of high CVD risk of death. These findings are consistent with previous data [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The biggest differences in CVD risk factor frequency in education categories were found for actual smokers and obese, similarly as in the Tromso study [13].…”

“…There is substantial evidence in the literature confirming that negative health-related behaviors are more frequent in lower SES groups. Mejean et al [14] demonstrated that diet and lifestyle factors explained more than 70% of educational differences in CAD. Healthy lifestyle among subjects with higher social status may also be partially explained by higher health awareness in this group [11].…”

Socio-economic indicators are independently associated with intake of animal foods in French adults

“…its supposed contribution to physical strength and energy), along with existing social norms in this population, may affect the decision to continue eating meat despite its cost (43) . Understanding why persons with less education prefer eating meat is critical, since they are more strongly affected by chronic diseases for which meat intake is a risk factor (1,9,10) . Our results regarding poultry agreed with a French study showing an inverse association between education and intake of white meat (21) , but was not consistent with most previous studies (11) .…”

The contribution of major diagnostic causes to socioeconomic differences in disability retirement

“…Earlier studies have not been able to confirm a clear relationship between socioeconomic status and use of alcohol, the key psychoactive substance. Those in upper socioeconomic classes use alcohol as much as manual workers, but heavy drinking leading to severe problems tends to be more common among lower socioeconomic classes (19)(20)(21)(22). Manual workers also run a higher risk of alcohol-related death or hospitalization than upperclass non-manual employees (22).…”

“…A large number of biological, behavioral, psychological, and social factors contribute to the association between socioeconomic status and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (19,(26)(27)(28)(29). For example, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, depression, hopelessness, and marital status have contributed to socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular diseases, as have many biological risk factors such as cholesterol, hemoglobin, and body mass index (19,29). Adulthood risk factors have been shown to have a more important role in the explanation of socioeconomic differences in mortality from cardiovascular diseases than childhood socioeconomic circumstances (26).…”