The contribution and importance of rare macrofungi in selected plots of endangered xerothermic grasslands in the Nida Basin

Abstract

A b s t r a c tXerothermic habitats of protected sites in the Nida Basin are of special natural value. The richness of steppe plant species contributes to the biodiversity of grassland ecosystems and increases the floristic and landscape uniqueness of Ponidzie. A rich thermophilous biota of interesting steppe macromycetes (Basidiomycetes) develops in the xerothermic vegetation in the area.As preliminary investigations into macrofungi in xerothermic communities in the Nida Basin have shown, many very rare and valuable species as well as species new to the Polish mycobiota occur in the study area. Several rare species of gasteroid fungi, such as Geastrum minimum and G. schmidelii, were found in patches of Sisymbrio-Stipetum capillatae. Many taxa are indicator species of these biocoenoses. Noteworthy are parasitic macrofungi infecting roots of the genus Stipa: Gastrosporium simplex and Polyporus rhizophilus. Localities of species of the genus Tulostoma: T. brumale, T. kotlabae and T. melanocyclum, T. squamosum, new to the Nida Basin, were recorded in patches of Koelerio-Festucetum rupicolae and Festucetum pallentis. The above fungi are very rare in Poland's mycobiota. They are strongly threatened and are classified as endangered (E). Geastrum minimum and the species of the genus Tulostoma are strictly protected.

Gasteroid fungi – the morphological characteristics of selected endangered and rare species noted in Poland

“…Consequently, our research has shown the need to conduct parallel complementary studies with the use of LM and SEM to carry out the correct determination of these fungi. The climatic and habitat factors can also impact phenotypic characters (Tomaszewska et al 2012(Tomaszewska et al , 2014. The identification of taxa based only on observations of features by using the LM may contribute to erroneous determinations.…”

“…Cechy te zacierają się w miarę dojrzewania i starzenia się tych struktur. Na wykształcenie cech fenotypowych mogą także wpływać między innymi czynniki pogodowe i siedliskowe (Tomaszewska et al 2012). Otrzymane wyniki wskazują na potrzebę dalszych badań tej grupy grzybów, w celu poznania pełnej zmienności cech budowy morfologicznej i poprawnej identyfikacji taksonów.…”