The Content of Favorable and Unfavorable Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Found in Commonly Eaten Fish

Fatty acid profile of fillet, liver and mesenteric fat in tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) fed vegetable oil supplementation in the finishing period of fattening

“…The ratio of arachidonic acid to long-chain n-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) in human diets is also an important factor. Weaver et al (2008) reported that the average ratio of AA to EPA in farmed tilapia varied around the extremely high value of 11:1, which is considered to be detrimental. Our data demonstrated low ratios (2.02, 1.26, and 0.65 in the groups of SO, LO and FO, respectively) and the fact that the different supplementations especially FO used as a finishing diet could effectively reduce this values.…”

“…In the publication of Weaver et al (2008) about the fatty acid composition of commonly consumed farmed fish species collected in supermarkets in the United States tilapia (fillet) was characterized with high (>2) n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio since both farm raised Atlantic salmon and trout have ratios below 1 due to the high n-3 proportions. Tonial et al (2009) demonstrated that LO feeding for 45 days gives a better n-6 to n-3 ratio (1.1) of muscle tissue due to the reduction of n-6 and an increase in the proportion of n-3 FAs.…”

“…cardiovascular diseases (CVD), certain types of cancer and diseases with an immuno-inflammatory component, and they also play a suggested role in the cerebral development and function (Kolanowski & Laufenberg 2006). Despite recommendations from organizations to increase fish consumption in general, Weaver et al (2008) demonstrated that not all fish are »created« equal. Whereas farmed Atlantic salmon and farmed trout have some of the highest levels of n-3 fatty acids, coupled with low levels of arachidonic acid (AA C20:4n-6), farmed tilapia and catfish have low levels n-3 fatty acids along with levels of AA, so high they can be considered less advantageous.…”

From Chronic Feed-Induced Intestinal Inflammation to Adenocarcinoma with Metastases in Salmonid Fish

“…The partial replacement of marineobtained oils with vegetable oils combined with plant meal in the current fish feed brand may thus have contributed to cancer development. Despite feeding regimes adapted to industrialized fish production, farmed salmonids still remain a most valuable source for long-chained n-3 PUFAs in the human diet (42).…”

The utility of omega-3 fatty acids in epilepsy: more than just a farmed tilapia!

“…Anchovies, Atlantic herring, salmon, sardines, and trout have low levels of methylmercury, whereas tuna, shark, tilefish, and swordfish have high levels of methylmercury 32,[37][38][39] . A study developed by researchers from Wake Forest University School of Medicine characterized the content of favorable and unfavorable polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6) found in commonly eaten fish, with closer inspection on the four most commonly consumed farmed fish (salmon, trout, tilapia and catfish) 40 . Tilapia is now the second (to farmed Atlantic salmon) most widely farmed fish in the world 40 .…”