The content of chlorides in blast-furnace slag cement as a factor affecting the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete

Kuziak, J.; Woyciechowski, P.; Kobyłka, R.; Wcisło, Aldona

doi:10.1051/matecconf/201816305007

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This reduces the penetration of aggressive substances into the concrete structure, which is especially important in the case of extremely aggressive, pitting chloride corrosion. Diffusion of chloride ions, which are the strongest depasivators of steel, occurs faster than CO 2 , diffusion, and the corrosion of the reinforcement is severe [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

2021

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The concrete cover is the basic protection of the reinforcement against the influence of external factors that may lead to its corrosion. Its effectiveness depends mainly on the composition of the concrete mix, including the cement used. Depending on external environmental factors that may aggressively affect the structure, various types of cements and concrete admixtures are recommended. The paper presents the results of tests that allow us to assess the effect of the type of cement used and the air-entraining agent on the effectiveness of the concrete cover as a layer protecting the reinforcement against corrosion. In order to initiate the corrosion process, the reinforced concrete specimens were subjected to cycles of freezing and thawing in a sodium chloride solution. The degree of advancement of the corrosion process was investigated using the electrochemical galvanostatic pulse technique. Additionally, the microstructure of specimens taken from the cover was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The research has shown that in the situation of simultaneous action of chloride ions and freezing cycles, in order to effectively protect the reinforcement against corrosion, the application of both blast-furnace slag cement and an air-entraining agent performed the best.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

2021

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“…CO 2 and chloride ions are the most reported aggressive agents in concrete [4][5][6]. On the one hand, CO 2 can react with the alkaline components of cement, leading to the formation of soluble carbonates and compromising the material's integrity [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Combined Action of Chloride and Carbonation on Cement-Based Materials with Fly Ash

Malheiro,

Camões,

Meira

et al. 2024

Sci

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Integrating waste and industrial by-products into concrete is an alternative way to reduce global cement consumption, enhancing its eco-friendliness. In this context, residues with fly ash have been increasingly utilised. Considering the vulnerability of concrete with fly ash to carbonation and, at the same time, its high resistance to chlorides, it is important to investigate the behaviour of these concretes under their combined actions. For this purpose, an experimental investigation was conducted, studying mortar and concrete specimens with 40% replacement of cement with fly ash. These specimens were subjected to a combination of actions (Cl− and CO2) in two phases: initially through immersion and drying tests, and subsequently through a combination of accelerated tests. Concerning the chloride impact study, free and total chloride profiles were studied. Concerning the impact of carbonation, colourimetric and chemical tests were used. The results demonstrate a significant influence of combined action not only on chloride penetration in cement-based materials with fly ash but also on the development of a carbonation front. Exposure of cement-based materials with fly ash to environments with high Cl− and CO2 content sequentially may lead, on the one hand, to an increase in carbonation resistance. However, on the other hand, it may result in a substantial reduction in chloride penetration resistance.

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“…It is worth adding that, in the case of corrosion caused by chlorides, we are dealing with the so-called pitting corrosion [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. It is so dangerous that corrosion centers are formed pointwise and can lead to the bursting of the concrete cover from the inside without visible changes on the surface of the element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement Corrosion Testing in Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Concrete Specimens Exposed to Aggressive External Factors

Raczkiewicz

Bacharz

et al. 2023

Materials

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One of the leading causes of reinforced concrete degradation is chloride attack. It occurs due to the penetration of chlorides through pores and cracks into the concrete cover. This phenomenon becomes more dangerous if reinforced concrete elements are subjected to cyclic temperature changes. The concrete cover protects against corrosion. This paper presents research, the primary purpose of which was to determine the effect of the addition of steel fibers to concrete on the development of corrosion of the main reinforcement. The tests were carried out on three types of reinforced concrete specimens made of ordinary concrete and concrete with different amounts of steel fibers (0.25% and 0.50%). In order to initiate corrosion processes, specimens were partially submerged in a 3% sodium chloride solution and were subjected to freeze–thaw cycles. The electrochemical polarization galvanostatic pulse method was used for analyzing the reinforcement corrosion activity. Moreover, it was verified whether the corrosion of reinforced concrete elements affects the acoustic emission wave velocity. The addition of steel micro-reinforcement fibers increases the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete. In addition, a strong linear correlation between the AE wave velocity and the values of the corrosion current density was revealed.

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The content of chlorides in blast-furnace slag cement as a factor affecting the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

Impact of Combined Action of Chloride and Carbonation on Cement-Based Materials with Fly Ash

Reinforcement Corrosion Testing in Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Concrete Specimens Exposed to Aggressive External Factors

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