Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

Raczkiewicz, Wioletta; Koteš, Peter; Konečný, Petr

doi:10.3390/ma14164657

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Although final values of corrosion current intensity in concrete C1(C1.1: i corr = 3.96 µA; C1.2: i corr = 1.11 µA) and C2(C2.1(i corr = 3.07 µA); C2.2(i corr = 3.56 µA) showed a downward trend, when compared to maximum values measured for C1.1 (a drop by 90%);) C1.2 (a drop by 23%);), C2 (a drop by 68%);); C2.2 (a drop by 33%) the majority of these results did not reach the value taken for passivated steel according to [ 29 , 30 ]. Similar trends were found in the papers [ 26 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussion Of the Results Obtainedmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Another week of extraction did not bring such spectacular changes in corrosion current intensity in the specimens tested, particularly in concrete C2. Although final values of corrosion potential in concrete C1(C1.1(E corr = 540 mV); C1.2(E corr = 752 mV) and C2 (C2.1(E corr = 332 mV); C2.2(E corr = 580 mV) generally showed a downward trend, when compared to maximum values measured for C1.1 (an increase by 0.1%) C1.2 (a drop by 22%), C2 (a drop by 22%); C2.2 (a drop by 40%) the majority of these results did not reach the value taken for passivated steel according to [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussion Of the Results Obtainedmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Figure 6 b shows a comparison of results from six measurements of corrosion potential E corr of the steel reinforcement in concrete from two chosen test elements made of tested concretes. Taking into account the assumptions described in the papers [ 29 , 30 ], the first reference measurement taken prior to migration indicated that both corrosion potential (E corr (

< 350 mV) and corrosion current intensity (i corr < 0.3 µA) suggested the passive state of all test elements. Another measurement taken after 7 days of chloride ions migration under the accelerated action of the electric field and 3 days after switching off the system indicated the onset of corrosion in all four specimens on the basis of corrosion potential values and intensity of corrosion current.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Results Obtainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Impact of Concrete Design on the Effectiveness of the Electrochemical Chloride Extraction Process

Szweda

2023

Materials

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This paper presents a simple comparative method for evaluating the impact of concrete design on the effectiveness of repair with the electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) process of reinforced concrete structures. This comparison covered two concretes with different types of used cement. Penetration of chloride ions to induce corrosion processes was accelerated with the electric field. However, the corrosion process itself occurred naturally. When the corrosion process was found to pose a risk to the reinforcement, the profile of chloride ion concentration was determined at the depth of concrete cover. Corrosion current intensity during migration and extraction processes of chloride ions was measured with the LPR method. Then, this serious condition for the structure was repaired with electrochemical chloride extraction. Rates of chloride extraction were determined from the derived concentration profiles. It should be noted that the critical concentration Ccrit = 0.4% at the rebar surface was reached after 21 days of the migration process. Moreover, after the same time of extraction, the concentration was reduced by 95% at the rebar surface, which could suggest that extraction rate was slower than chloride ion migration to concrete within the electric field. Using the migration coefficient for predicting the extraction time, as well as ignoring the variability of the extraction coefficient and the initial concentration over time, may result in too short or unnecessarily long extraction times.

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Section: Discussion Of the Results Obtainedmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussion Of the Results Obtainedmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussion Of the Results Obtainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Impact of Concrete Design on the Effectiveness of the Electrochemical Chloride Extraction Process

Szweda

2023

Materials

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“…That is why investigation in both fields of study as well as studies in the field of protection of reinforcement against corrosion must be continued simultaneously as they are strongly connected and are same importance for effective implementation in practice. Theoretical research of the corrosion distribution along the cross-section of the steel bars is widely researched (Raczkiewicz et al, 2021;Blikharskyy et al, 2020;Blikharskyy et al, 2021b, Lipiński, 2021 and proposed the mathematical approach to their corrosive process modeling.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of defective reinforced concrete beams with obtained damage of compressed area of concrete

Blikharskyy

Lobodanov

Vegera

2022

Production Engineering Archives

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In the building industry, it is a frequent cause of damage to elements at different stages: during transportation, operation, installation, etc. Since replacing an element is not always possible due to various circumstances, it entails significant financial losses, logistics, and others. For this reason, the expediency of studying the effect of damage on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete elements is growing. This effect is dependent on its type and has significant variability. In the case of the combination of the defect and damage in reinforced concrete elements, the complexity of the research of this element increases significantly. In this article is discussed: a review of damaged reinforced concrete elements; researching the influence of the damage and additional factors on the element; developed testing methodology for bending reinforced concrete elements with damage to concrete in a compressed zone with insufficient reinforcement, when performing damage to the action of the load and during the action of the load, is presented; the influence on the deformability and bearing capacity of the variability of damage on the sample with insufficient reinforcement is reflected, taking into account the factor of change in the load at which the damage is performed; a comparison is made of the dependence of the change in the actual height of the compressed zone on the change in the load on the elements; implementation of conclusions on the result of the study.

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“…Nowadays, plastic cable ducts are commonly used. Similarly, in the case of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, the reinforcement is protected by surrounding concrete [17]. Unfortunately, in practice, we can find existing post-tensioned bridges with only partially grouted or even ungrouted ducts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Water Condensate on Corrosion of Wires in Ungrouted Ducts

et al. 2021

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In the case of existing prestressed concrete structures, information about the actual state of prestressing is an important basis for determining their load-carrying capacity, as well as remaining service lifetime. This is even more important in the case of existing prestressed concrete bridges, which are exposed to a more aggressive environment than the other prestressed concrete structures. The level of prestressing is affected and reduced by prestress losses at a given time. In calculating the internal forces and stresses, required for the assessment of the Ultimate Limit State and the Serviceability Limit State, it is necessary to know not only the prestressing level but also the cross-sectional area of the prestressing steel (wire, strand or cable), which can change in time due to corrosion. In practice, in the case of the pre-tensioned concrete members, it has often happened in the past that cable ducts have been grouted only partially, or not at all, due to poor grouting technology. Experts did not realize what this could cause in the future—the penetration of water with aggressive agents directly into the cable duct and consequently corrosion of the prestressing steel, which means not increased protection of the steel, but rather acceleration of degradation. On the other hand, in many cases, corrosion also occurs in ducts that are not grouted and no water has entered them. This paper deals with this phenomenon—the formation of corrosion of prestressing steel in cable ducts in ungrouted ducts due to moisture. This problem was investigated experimentally and numerically in the simulation program ESP-r. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations have shown that the water vapor condenses in the cable ducts, which can subsequently cause corrosion of the prestressing steel.

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Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluating the Impact of Concrete Design on the Effectiveness of the Electrochemical Chloride Extraction Process

Evaluating the Impact of Concrete Design on the Effectiveness of the Electrochemical Chloride Extraction Process

Investigation of defective reinforced concrete beams with obtained damage of compressed area of concrete

Effect of Water Condensate on Corrosion of Wires in Ungrouted Ducts

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