The Contemporary Islamic Governed State

Abstract

This ground-breaking series, edited by one of the most influential scholars of Islamic law, presents a cumulative and progressive set of original studies that substantially raise the bar for rigorous scholarship in the field of Islamic Studies. By relying on original sources and challenging common scholarly stereotypes and inherited wisdoms, the volumes of the series attest to the exacting and demanding methodological and pedagogical standards necessary for contemporary studies of Islam. These volumes are chosen not only for their disciplined methodology, exhaustive research, or academic authoritativeness, but for their ability to make critical interventions in the process of understanding the world of Islam as it was, is, and is likely to become. They make central and even pivotal contributions to understanding the experience of the lived and living Islam, and the ways that this rich and creative Islamic tradition has been created and uncreated, or constructed, deconstructed, and reconstructed. In short, the volumes of this series are chosen for their great relevance to the many realities that shaped the ways that Muslims understand, represent, and practice their religion, and ultimately, to understanding the worlds that Muslims helped to shape, and in turn, the worlds that helped shaped Muslims.

Islam, entrepreneurship, and embeddedness

“…One must not forget that the first wife of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), Khadija, was famous for her entrepreneurial success. “The renowned ninth‐century Arab biographer Ibn Sa‘d reported in his Kitāb al‐Ṭabaqāt al‐Kubrā that that Khadija's caravan equaled the caravans of all other traders of the Quraysh tribe put together” (Kaminski, , p. 175). Of course, her success was largely predicated on a deep sense of embeddedness at all three levels alluded to by Hess () in the preceding sections.…”

“…It is the responsibility of the individual as well as the state to ensure that the society should care for its weakest members and that there should be no extravagance in personal consumption or resource allocation. “Justice and fairness is a two‐way street in Islam; the state must act justly in economic decisions, but the people must also take personal responsibility for being just and fair themselves” (Kaminski, , p. 201). Entrepreneurship is not divorced from morality; hence, no one should take more than their fair share, and all should be protected from exploitation.…”

“…This type of embeddedness relates to the role of historically established societal, communal, and tribal relations as well as cultural imprints and heritage. In the late 19th century, Ferdinand Tönnies offered the notions of Gemeinschaft and Gesselschaft as conceptual tools to categorize social relations in modern societies (Kaminski, 2017). Gemeinschaft could be understood as a close-knit community based on direct tangible shared norms, values, and interpersonal relations.…”

Importance and challenges of science education in the development of Ilorin and its environ: Some policy implications

“…It is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves, so physics is the backbone of technology (Yusuf, 2020b). Islamic scholarship inherited Aristotelian physics from the Greeks and during the Islamic Golden Age developed it further, especially placing emphasis on observation and a priori reasoning, developing early forms of the scientific method (Gauch Jr and Gauch, 2003;Kaminski, 2017;Fakhry, 2004;Iqbal, 2007). The most notable innovations were in the field of optics and vision, which came from the works of many scientists like Ibn Sahl, Al-Kindi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Farisi and Avicenna (Khan, 2017;Zaidi and Boudjelit, 2018).…”