The contemporary European zinc cycle: 1-year stocks and flows

Spatari, Sabrina; Bertram, M.; Fuse, K; Graedel, T. E.; Shelov, Eric

doi:10.1016/s0921-3449(02)00168-4

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…5 Production and fabrication data were obtained from mining publications. [7][8][9][10] As data on waste management practices are more difficult to obtain, data closest to and within Ϯ 3 years from 1994 were taken if data for 1994 were not available.…”

Section: Selection Of Contemporary Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The contemporary Oceania zinc cycle: one-year stocks and flows

Beers

Bertram

Fuse

et al. 2004

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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The material flow approach provides a framework from which to address resource management and estimate gross environmental impacts, both spatially and temporally. In this article, the major flows of zinc in Oceania over its entire life-cycle are examined; these include production (mining, milling, and refining), fabrication and manufacturing of semi-and finished products, use, and the waste management system. Comprehensive mass balances were applied to determine the zinc flows, including the quantities of zinc entering stocks in waste and in-use reservoirs. The Oceania cycle shows that substantial amounts of zinc (about 1120 Gg/year) are mined on the continent. The total flow of zinc in finished products entering the use stage is about 8.6 kg/(capita.year), substantially exceeding the zinc flow in discarded products. This difference, about 7.2 kg Zn/(capita.year) on average, is added to the in-use reservoir, largely for galvanizing applications in domestic construction and transportation. Less than 60% of all discarded zinc entering the waste management system is recycled. Much of the remaining discarded zinc is diluted into other waste streams, where recovery and recycling are probably not economically feasible. Fig. 8. Mid-1990s total zinc flow diagram for STAF-Oceania (Zn)

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Section: Selection Of Contemporary Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study of a contemporary flow model for zinc in Oceania follows the framework developed by Spatari et al 5 It forms a component of the global zinc cycle being constructed by the Yale Stocks and Flows (STAF) project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contemporary Oceania zinc cycle: one-year stocks and flows

Beers

Bertram

Fuse

et al. 2004

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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“…Many literatures have been reported about metals in-use stocks. The material stock and flow model was used to analyse both copper and zinc stock-in-use of the Europe in 1994 [2][3]. A multi-regional material flow analysis (MFA) method was adopted to estimate the stock-in-use of copper for 200 countries in the year 2000 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the U.S. Copper Stock-in-use and the Relationship with Economic Output

Wang¹,

Liang²,

Cui³

et al. 2018

dtcse

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Abstract.As the world's largest economy, the U.S. needs a lot of material input, to realize the sustainable development of its economy. Copper has excellent physical and chemical properties, widely used in various fields, which makes copper stock-in-use continue increasing. What is the trend of copper stock-in-use and which is the driving of the consumption of copper in the U.S.? Is there any relationship between the economic development index and the copper stock-in-use? In this paper, the average service life method and the method of depreciation of fixed assets are adopted to answer these questions. The results demonstrated that: (1) the total copper stock-in-use was a relative smooth trend during 1985-2015 in the U.S., and reached its peak in 2007 with 68.9 Mt, the amount of copper stock-in-use was almost at the "saturation" stage since then. (2) Before the year 2000, with the growth of GDP, the per capita copper stock-in-use also increased.

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“…The "stocks and flows" model was used to analyze the in-use stock for copper and zinc of the Europe in 1994 [9,10]. A multiregional material flow analysis (MFA) model was used to estimate the in-use stock of copper for 200 countries in the year 2000 [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%