The Consumption of Two or Three Meals per Day with Adequate Protein Content Is Associated with Lower Risk of Physical Disability in Mexican Adults Aged 60 Years and Older

Gaytán-González, Alejandro; Ocampo-Alfaro, María de Jesús; Torres-Naranjo, Francisco; Arroniz-Rivera, Maritza; González-Mendoza, Roberto Gabriel; Gil-Barreiro, Martha; López-Taylor, Juan

doi:10.3390/geriatrics5010001

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…This finding led to the assumption that a minimum of 30 g of protein per meal may be necessary to maintain physical performance and muscle mass in old age. This view is supported by the observation that MPS is maximally stimulated by the ingestion of 0.4 g of high-quality dietary protein/kg of body weight in older men [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Protein-Related Dietary Parameters and Frailty Status in Older Community-Dwellers across Different Frailty Instruments

et al. 2020

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The present study investigated the associations between frailty status and (a) daily protein intake, (b) daily body weight-adjusted protein intake, (c) branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) consumption, (d) evenness of protein distribution across main meals, (e) number of daily meals providing at least 30 g of protein, and (f) number of daily meals providing at least 0.4 g protein/kg of body weight in community-dwelling older adults. The relationship between frailty status and protein-related dietary parameters was explored across different frailty assessment tools. Two hundred older adults were enrolled in the study. Participant frailty status was determined according to a modified Fried’s frailty phenotype (mFP), the FRAIL scale, and the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture (SOF) index. Diet was assessed by 24-h dietary recall, while diet composition was estimated using a nutritional software. A frailty instrument-dependent relationship was observed between frailty status and protein-related dietary parameters. Protein consumption was associated with frailty status only in participants identified as frail according to the mFP. In addition, protein and BCAA intake was found to be greater in robust and pre-frail participants relative to their frail counterparts. Our findings suggest that the association between frailty and protein-related dietary parameters is tool dependent. Specifically, protein and BCAA consumption appears to be lower only in older adults identified as frail by the mFP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Protein-Related Dietary Parameters and Frailty Status in Older Community-Dwellers across Different Frailty Instruments

et al. 2020

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“…These findings were expanded by Loenneke et al [ 118 ] who reported that consuming two or more meals with 30 g of protein each was associated with greater muscle strength and muscle mass in older adults compared with the consumption of one or no meal with at least 30 g of protein. Along similar lines, the consumption of two or three meals per day with adequate protein content (≥30 g) was associated with a lower risk of physical disability in Mexican older adults without functional limitations [ 119 ]. Findings from longitudinal studies are controversial, given that a spread protein intake was associated with greater muscle mass and strength but not better mobility over two years of follow-up [ 120 , 121 ].…”

Section: When? Protein Distribution Across Mealsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Intake and Frailty: A Matter of Quantity, Quality, and Timing

et al. 2020

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Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that refers to a state of reduced resiliency to stressful events that occurs in response to physiological and/or psychosocial detriments. Frailty is a predictor of poor prognosis, given that frail older adults are at higher risk of many adverse health-related events. Hence, the identification of potential strategies to prevent the development and progression of frailty is of extreme importance for avoiding its negative outcomes. An adequate protein consumption is advocated as a possible intervention for the management of frailty in older adults due to its effects on muscle mass and physical function. However, empirical evidence is still needed to support this proposition. On the other hand, substantial evidence from observational studies has provided important information on the association between frailty and dietary protein-related parameters. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current literature regarding the association between protein intake (amount (how much?), quality (what type?), and distribution across meals (when?)) and frailty-related parameters. The ultimate aim of this work is to offer practical, evidence-based indications to healthcare professionals responsible for the care of frail older adults.

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“…Corresponding authors were contacted to gather demographic and protein intake data. We acquired data from two studies of two countries (Germany [ 14 ] and the United Kingdom [U.K.] [ 24 ]), from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2016 publicly available database representing the United States of America (U.S.A.) [ 29 ], and data from our previous work in Mexico [ 18 , 20 ], all with cross-sectional designs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, some studies suggested that inadequate protein intake (<30 g/meal or <0.4 g/kg/meal) at specific meals might be a risk factor to consider as it is associated to a lower skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and functionality [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. On the other hand, the number of meals that reach a protein content ≥30 g/meal or ≥0.4 g/kg/meal appears to be a protective factor as they are associated with a higher skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and lower physical disability [ 15 , 20 , 21 ]. Therefore, determining the percentage of older adults for both indicators might help visualize the magnitude of these two possible risk and protective factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Protein Intake Patterns and Inadequate Protein Intake in Older Adults from Four Countries

Gaytán-González

Ocampo-Alfaro²,

Torres-Naranjo

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Recent interest in protein intake per meal is observed in studies that have reported the protein intake patterns in different countries; however, comparisons of these data are lacking. We aimed to compare protein intake patterns and the percentage of inadequate protein intake (IPI) per day and meal in older adults from different countries. We acquired data of protein intake in older adults from four countries (Mexico, United States of America, Germany, and United Kingdom). We compared protein intake (per day and meal), IPI per day and meal, and the number of meals with an adequate protein content among countries. The IPI per day significantly differed among countries for <0.8 and <1.0 (both p < 0.001), but not for <1.2 g/kg/d (p = 0.135). IPI per meal (<30 g/meal) did not differ among countries at breakfast (p = 0.287) and lunch (p = 0.076) but did differ at dinner (p < 0.001). Conversely, IPI per meal (<0.4 g/kg/meal) significantly differed among countries at breakfast, lunch, and dinner (all p < 0.001). The percentage of participants that ate ≥30 g/meal or ≥0.4 g/kg/meal at zero, one, and two or three meals per day significantly differed among countries (all p < 0.05). IPI at breakfast and lunch (<30 g/meal) was a common trait in the analyzed samples and might represent an opportunity for nutritional interventions in older adults in different countries.

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The Consumption of Two or Three Meals per Day with Adequate Protein Content Is Associated with Lower Risk of Physical Disability in Mexican Adults Aged 60 Years and Older

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Protein-Related Dietary Parameters and Frailty Status in Older Community-Dwellers across Different Frailty Instruments

Protein-Related Dietary Parameters and Frailty Status in Older Community-Dwellers across Different Frailty Instruments

Protein Intake and Frailty: A Matter of Quantity, Quality, and Timing

Dietary Protein Intake Patterns and Inadequate Protein Intake in Older Adults from Four Countries

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