Dietary Protein Intake Patterns and Inadequate Protein Intake in Older Adults from Four Countries

Gaytán-González, Alejandro; Ocampo-Alfaro, María de Jesús; Torres-Naranjo, Francisco; González-Mendoza, Roberto Gabriel; Gil-Barreiro, Martha; Arroniz-Rivera, Maritza; López-Taylor, Juan

doi:10.3390/nu12103156

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, these reports focused on daily protein intake, and few studies have examined intake at each meal. In addition, studies that have investigated protein intake in each diet have only investigated intake and have not confirmed the characteristics with respect to the distribution of intake [ 36 ]. Therefore, the finding that breakfast and lunch protein intakes are particularly related to physical activity is a new finding first presented in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Protein Intake in Each Traditional Meal and Physical Activity: Cross-sectional Study

Shinto¹,

Makino²,

Tahara³

et al. 2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background Protein intake plays an important role in the synthesis and maintenance of skeletal muscles for the prevention of health risks. It is also widely known that physical activity influences muscle function. However, no large-scale studies have examined the relationship between daily dietary habits, especially the timing of protein intake, and daily physical activity. Objective The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate how protein intake and composition (involving the 3 major nutrients protein, fat, and carbohydrate) in the 3 traditional meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) are associated with physical activity. Methods Using daily dietary data accumulated in the smartphone food log app “Asken” and a web-based cross-sectional survey involving Asken users (N=8458), we analyzed nutrient intake and composition, as well as daily activity levels. As very few individuals skipped breakfast (1102/19,319 responses, 5.7%), we analyzed data for 3 meals per day. Results Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that breakfast and lunch protein intakes had higher positive correlations with daily physical activity among the 3 major macronutrients (P<.001). These findings were confirmed by multivariate logistic regression analysis with confounding factors. Moreover, participants with higher protein intake and composition at breakfast or lunch tended to exhibit significantly greater physical activity than those with higher protein intake at dinner (P<.001). Conclusions Among the 3 macronutrients, protein intake during breakfast and lunch was closely associated with daily physical activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Protein Intake in Each Traditional Meal and Physical Activity: Cross-sectional Study

Shinto¹,

Makino²,

Tahara³

et al. 2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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“…Protein is known to be one of the most important nutrients for older adults with low intakes been associated with higher losses of lean mass ( 19 ). Many researchers suggested that daily protein intake above the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 0.8 g/kg/d might be associated with higher physical performance, maintenance and increased muscle mass and decreased risk of physical disability ( 45 ). Therefore, a higher recommended protein intake of 1.0 g/kg/d–1.2 g/kg/d was recently proposed for healthy maintenance of muscle and up to 1.2 g/kg/d–1.5 g/kg/d for older adults with acute or chronic diseases ( 29 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Food for Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review

Nazri

Vanoh

Soo

2022

MJMS

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Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterised by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Proper nutrition is essential for management of sarcopenia. Thus, this article aims to review the association between dietary pattern or food groups consisting of natural food and sarcopenia. A literature search was performed using four databases namely PubMed, Scopus, Sage and ScienceDirect. The search terms used were ‘fruits’, ‘vegetables’, ‘egg’, ‘fish’, ‘chicken’, ‘protein food’, ‘ulam’, ‘fresh herbs’, ‘sarcopenia’, ‘elderly and ‘older adults’. A total of 18 studies were included in the final review. Adherence to Mediterranean and Japanese dietary pattern were associated with lower prevalence of sarcopenia whereas Western dietary pattern was significantly associated with higher risk of sarcopenia. For food groups, there is a significant association between dietary protein intake and sarcopenia. There are also significant associations between the intake of vegetables, fruits or both vegetables and fruits, and lower risk of sarcopenia. Consumption of natural food comprising of high-quality protein, fruits and vegetables have been associated with protection against muscle wasting and sarcopenia. Therefore, it is possible that a well-planned diet may works just as effectively as or possibly better than individual nutrient supplements for the prevention and treatment for sarcopenia among older adults.

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“…Snacks in our sample, as in other institutionalized [ 21 ] and community-dwelling older adults [ 19 , 20 ], were mainly dairy products and pastry. Overall, the differences in protein sources between studies and settings can be considered marginal, especially when taking individual, regional and country-specific dietary habits into account [ 1 , 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many older adults, protein intake is below recommended amounts [ 1 ], but adequate intake is crucial for maintaining muscle mass and function [ 2 , 3 ]. Additionally, in older age, protein requirements appear to be higher due to a high prevalence of inflammation, wounds, infections, critical illness [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] and reduced anabolic response after protein ingestion [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is relevant to consider these three aspects regarding usual protein intake to provide adequate nutritional support. Corresponding previous literature has mainly focused on community-dwelling older adults [ 1 , 4 , 19 , 20 ], and data for nursing home residents, a group at particular risk of low protein intake [ 21 ], is limited [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. In a Dutch study, daily protein intake of institutionalized persons (58 g/d, age 80 years) was about 20% lower compared to community-dwelling (71 g/d, age 77 years) or frail (71 g/d, age 79 years) older adults, with milk and dairy products being the main source at breakfast, lunch and snacks [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Usual Protein Intake Amount and Sources of Nursing Home Residents with (Risk of) Malnutrition and Effects of an Individualized Nutritional Intervention: An enable Study

et al. 2021

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Nursing home (NH) residents with (risk of) malnutrition are at particular risk of low protein intake (PI). The aim of the present analysis was (1) to characterize usual PI (total amount/day (d) and meal, sources/d and meal) of NH residents with (risk of) malnutrition and (2) to evaluate the effects of an individualized nutritional intervention on usual PI. Forty residents (75% female, 85 ± 8 years) with (risk of) malnutrition and inadequate dietary intake received 6 weeks of usual care followed by 6 weeks of intervention. During the intervention phase, an additional 29 ± 11 g/d from a protein-energy drink and/or 2 protein creams were offered to compensate for individual energy and/or protein deficiencies. PI was assessed with two 3-day-weighing records in each phase and assigned to 4 meals and 12 sources. During the usual care phase, mean PI was 41 ± 10 g/d. Lunch and dinner contributed 31 ± 11% and 32 ± 9% to daily intake, respectively. Dairy products (median 9 (interquartile range 6–14) g/d), starchy foods (7 (5–10) g/d) and meat/meat products (6 (3–9) g/d) were the main protein sources in usual PI. During the intervention phase, an additional 18 ± 10 g/d were consumed. Daily PI from usual sources did not differ between usual care and intervention phase (41 ± 10 g/d vs. 42 ± 11 g/d, p = 0.434). In conclusion, daily and per meal PI were very low in NH residents with (risk of) malnutrition, highlighting the importance of adequate intervention strategies. An individualized intervention successfully increased PI without affecting protein intake from usual sources.

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Dietary Protein Intake Patterns and Inadequate Protein Intake in Older Adults from Four Countries

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Relationship Between Protein Intake in Each Traditional Meal and Physical Activity: Cross-sectional Study

Relationship Between Protein Intake in Each Traditional Meal and Physical Activity: Cross-sectional Study

Natural Food for Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review

Usual Protein Intake Amount and Sources of Nursing Home Residents with (Risk of) Malnutrition and Effects of an Individualized Nutritional Intervention: An enable Study

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