The Consumption of Energy Drinks Induces Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Wild-Type Mice

Graneri, Liam; Lam, Virginie; D’Alonzo, Zachary; Nesbit, Michael; Mamo, John; Takechi, Ryusuke

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.668514

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Systolic pressure in the sugar-free ED-treated mice was significantly lower than in the control group. Comparing the diastolic and mean arterial pressures to the control group, similar substantial reductions were seen [126].…”

Section: Long-term Studies On Animalssupporting

confidence: 53%

Caffeine and Taurine from Energy Drinks—A Review

Mihaiescu,

Turti,

Souca

et al. 2024

Cosmetics

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The purpose of this paper is to review the specialized literature to highlight the effects produced by energy drinks in terms of skin health. To carry out this review, we consulted previous articles with descriptive cross-sectional designs, case series, and individual case reports published between 2000 and 2023. Therefore, while caffeine acute consumption among adults can have beneficial effects, in children, it can cause health problems like overnight breaks, headaches, and dulled cognition since their organs are still developing and their endocrine system is not yet stable. Despite the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of caffeine from energy drinks, their excessive consumption among adolescents can cause disorders like high systolic blood pressure, agitation, nausea, anxiety, osteoporosis, heart palpitations, poor sleep quality, and stomach ulcers. Among athletes, taurine supplementation has been proven to improve exercise capacity in cold weather conditions. Also, vigilance, attention, and reaction time were all improved by caffeine consumption. Caffeine administration in low doses caused a risk of cardiovascular disease. It was effective in treating migraines in children, but raised systolic blood pressure, and contributed to skin healing in adolescents. On the other side, taurine prevents obesity among children, causes positive effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in adolescents, helps shield the skin from damaging oxidative stress among students, and impacts exercise capacity in athletes. Significant increases in serum levels of uric acid, creatinine, BUN, ALT, and ALP caused by chronic intake of EDs indicated different degrees of injury to the kidneys and liver. Furthermore, the effects on the cardiovascular system could be worse if taurine and caffeine are combined. Caffeine alone does not significantly decrease sleep as much as a taurine/high caffeine ratio. On the other hand, a low ratio does.

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Section: Long-term Studies On Animalssupporting

confidence: 53%

Caffeine and Taurine from Energy Drinks—A Review

Mihaiescu,

Turti,

Souca

et al. 2024

Cosmetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this context, it has been demonstrated that caffeine does not alter the blood–brain barrier [ 14 ], thus, leading to no alteration in brain parenchyma physiology and homeostasis. However, on the other hand, energy drinks are able to induce blood–brain barrier dysfunction, as recently demonstrated [ 15 ], and this side effect could explain the previously observed brain oxidative stress in rats under an energy drink condition [ 16 ]. Now, it is increasingly evident that non-toxic doses of caffeine mostly act on biological tissues by the antagonism of adenosine receptors, as first stated by Fredholm [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Can Caffeine Be a Powerful Ally to Weaken Neuroinflammation?

Ruggiero

Calvello

Porro

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In recent years, there has been considerable research showing that coffee consumption seems to be beneficial to human health, as it contains a mixture of different bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acid, alkaloids, diterpenes and polyphenols. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are debilitating, and non-curable diseases associated with impaired central, peripheral and muscle nervous systems. Several studies demonstrate that neuroinflammation mediated by glial cells—such as microglia and astrocytes—is a critical factor contributing to neurodegeneration that causes the dysfunction of brain homeostasis, resulting in a progressive loss of structure, function, and number of neuronal cells. This happens over time and leads to brain damage and physical impairment. The most known chronic NDs are represented by Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington’s disease (HD). According to epidemiological studies, regular coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize the latest research about the potential effects of caffeine in neurodegenerative disorders prevention and discuss the role of controlled caffeine delivery systems in maintaining high plasma caffeine concentrations for an extended time.

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“…">IntroductionEnergy drinks are carbonated beverages that are devoid of alcohol and are specifically formulated to provide the customer with a boost of energy. The global use of energy drinks has witnessed a significant rise since its debut in the markets in the 1960s [1]. Energy drinks are composed of several components, including caffeine, taurine, guarana, glucuronolactone, vitamins, and carbs, alongside water.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in biochemical and sperm parameters of rats drinking energy drinks

Sarwar N. Jafar

2024

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)

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IntroductionEnergy drinks are carbonated beverages that are devoid of alcohol and are specifically formulated to provide the customer with a boost of energy. The global use of energy drinks has witnessed a significant rise since its debut in the markets in the 1960s [1]. Energy drinks are composed of several components, including caffeine, taurine, guarana, glucuronolactone, vitamins, and carbs, alongside water. Carbohydrates are sources of energy, and caffeine excites the central nervous system [2,3].Based on the guidelines provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 400 milligrams of caffeine per day, or four to five cups of coffee, is deemed to be a threshold below which adverse effects are not typically observed in the context of healthy adult individuals. Any quantity over the aforementioned threshold has the potential to induce major issues in adulthood, with toddlers and teenagers being particularly affected. Significantly, the quantity of caffeine included in non-prescription items is restricted to a maximum of 200 mg per dosage, whereas energy drinks are not subject to any limitations [4].The predominant health risks associated with energy drinks seem to be associated with the consumption of caffeine, caffeine-like chemicals, and other substances found in energy drinks, such as taurine, which may potentially interact with caffeine [5].Based on the findings of the NOMISMA-ARETÉ Consortium for the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), it was observed that the largest incidence of eating disorders (ED) was documented among teenagers (68%), with adults (30%) and children (18%) exhibiting lower prevalence rates [6].These beverages effectively mitigate the symptoms of fatigue that occur naturally in the body. As a result of this characteristic, a considerable number of individuals opt to consume them in order to enhance their productivity or optimize their overall performance. The demographic most commonly associated with the misuse of such beverages comprises primarily of athletes and students who seek to enhance their focus, as well as their physical and cognitive performance over extended periods of time [7]. When examining the constituents of energy drinks and acknowledging their inclusion of psychoactive substances known for their potent stimulating effects, it becomes crucial to address the matter of caffeine levels. These concentrations can range from 50 mg per 250 mL can to 505 mg per 1 L bottle, thereby posing a potential risk of poisoning or overdose [8]. In addition to caffeine poisoning, there is an established correlation between the consumption of energy drinks and the occurrence of seizures. [9], heart problems [3], and decreased sperm quality [10].There has been a notable rise in the number of repor-

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The Consumption of Energy Drinks Induces Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Wild-Type Mice

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Caffeine and Taurine from Energy Drinks—A Review

Caffeine and Taurine from Energy Drinks—A Review

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Can Caffeine Be a Powerful Ally to Weaken Neuroinflammation?

Changes in biochemical and sperm parameters of rats drinking energy drinks

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