Neurodegenerative Diseases: Can Caffeine Be a Powerful Ally to Weaken Neuroinflammation?

Abstract

In recent years, there has been considerable research showing that coffee consumption seems to be beneficial to human health, as it contains a mixture of different bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acid, alkaloids, diterpenes and polyphenols. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are debilitating, and non-curable diseases associated with impaired central, peripheral and muscle nervous systems. Several studies demonstrate that neuroinflammation mediated by glial cells—such as microglia and astrocytes—is a critical factor contributing to neurodegeneration that causes the dysfunction of brain homeostasis, resulting in a progressive loss of structure, function, and number of neuronal cells. This happens over time and leads to brain damage and physical impairment. The most known chronic NDs are represented by Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington’s disease (HD). According to epidemiological studies, regular coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize the latest research about the potential effects of caffeine in neurodegenerative disorders prevention and discuss the role of controlled caffeine delivery systems in maintaining high plasma caffeine concentrations for an extended time.

Protective Effect of Hirsutidin against Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonism via Inhibition of Caspase-3/Interleukins-6 and 1β

“…In this study, hirsutidin was evaluated for its ability to produce favorable effects on rotenone injections in rats by using behavioral and biochemical parameters, i.e., Ach activity, endogenous antioxidants, nitrites, neurotransmitters, and neuroinflammatory markers. A noncurable disorder, PD is characterized by a lack of neurotransmitters in SNPC. − PD is the slow progression to neuronal death, which is caused due to imbalance of dopamine and catecholamine in the nigrostriatal pathway. , Several rat paradigms have been developed for the evaluation of Parkinson’s treatment. In rotenone-induced PD, behavioral patterns, antioxidant status, and neuroinflammatory markers deteriorated. , The prominent motor and nonmotor symptoms affect the multisystem, thus downregulating the functions of the nervous system. , The pathogenesis of PD is closely associated with oxidative stress generated ROS which led to neuroinflammation of brain .…”

Multiple Metabolites Derived from Mushrooms and Their Beneficial Effect on Alzheimer’s Diseases

“…Neuroinflammation, the defensive response of CNS to a range of adverse stimuli such as infection, brain injury, and toxins, is a key protective strategy for the body [ 58 , 59 ]. However, high-level and persistent neuroinflammation also has negative effects on nervous tissue [ 60 ]. Two types of CNS glial cells, namely, microglia and astrocytes, are considered to characterize neuroinflammation [ 58 ].…”

Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies

“…However, except for the blockade of adenosine receptors and consequent inhibition of neurotransmitter-induced signaling pathways, the other mechanisms only exert their effects at toxic concentrations of caffeine [ 132 , 134 , 135 , 136 ]. Recently, Ruggiero et al reviewed the available literature on the protective effects of caffeine in various neurodegenerative diseases [ 137 ]. Among these studies, some emphasized the neuroprotective role of caffeine.…”