The Constellation of Macrovascular Risk Factors in Early Onset T2DM: A Cross-Sectional Study in Xinjiang Province, China

Abstract

Background Despite a rapid popular of early onset type 2 diabetes (defined as diagnosis at <40 years old) recently, there is a lack of studies on this population in economically undeveloped area. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of macrovascular complications in the early onset T2DM patients in Xinjiang, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 1736 consecutive patients with T2DM was conducted. Macrovascular complications and risk factors were documented. Another nondiabetic population matched with age and sex was as a control group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios (OR) for macrovascular complications in early and late onset T2DM, respectively. Results The final analysis consisted of 1036 late onset and 219 early onset T2DM patients. The mean HbA1c in the early onset group was higher than that in the late onset group (9.1 ± 2.4% versus 8.3 ± 2.2%, P=0.039) despite a higher proportion of patients in the early onset group receiving insulin treatment (73.1% versus 58.7%, P < 0.001). Compared to the control, early onset patients had higher blood pressure and worse lipid profiles (all P < 0.01). More than half of the early onset T2DM patients already had macro- and microvascular complications, despite of their young age (39.5 ± 10.8) and short DM duration (6.6 ± 8.0). In the early onset group, women had a ~3-fold hazard of atherosclerotic plaques compared with men (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.53–6.78). Conclusions Patients with early onset T2DM have worse glycemic control and higher burden of atherogenic risk factors. The prevalence of macro- and microvascular complications is astonishingly high in these young adults with T2DM. Moreover, young women with T2DM are more susceptible to cardiovascular complications than their male counterpart.

Relationship between Lipid Profiles and Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Qingdao, China

“…Furthermore, a study from Xinjiang, China, showed that the late onset T2D patients had a glycemic control rate of 23.1%, while the early onset T2D patients had a glycemic control rate of only 14.2%. Moreover, both patients had lipid control rates of less than 10% [ 20 ]. The patients with T2D from nine European countries had a glycemic control rate of only 37.4% [ 21 ].…”

Fish oil supplementation attenuates cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation in STZ-induced diabetic rats

“…As age and hyperglycemia duration increase, blood glucose worsens, and diabetic complications increase. Increasing evidence shows that T2DM is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, and many epidemiological studies have shown that patients with T2DM have a significantly higher risk of developing AD [ 1 , 15 ]. The mechanism by which T2DM causes neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear and no drugs effectively prevent or delay disease progression.…”

Safety and cost analysis of early discharge following percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus

“…Thus, the number of patients undergoing PCI is significantly increased, the length of hospital stay is increased, and the total hospitalization expenses are significantly increased. 19,20 With advancements in vascular access technology, scaffolding technology, and antiplatelet pharmacology, the discharge time after PCI has been greatly reduced. 21 Multiple clinical studies have demonstrated the safety of early and day-to-date discharge in patients with selective PCI, [22][23][24][25] and this strategy was deemed acceptable in the 2018 SCAI Expert Consensus Document on Hospitalization Time after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Promotion; 26 furthermore, this strategy prevents unnecessary hospitalization and is thus cost-effective for the Chinese healthcare system.…”

“…Thus, the number of patients undergoing PCI is significantly increased, the length of hospital stay is increased, and the total hospitalization expenses are significantly increased. 19,20…”