The Consequences of Within-Year Timing of Breeding in Ambystoma maculatum

Harris, Reid N.

doi:10.2307/1444449

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Increased salinity in pools did not substantially limit reproduction, in terms of density of egg masses, for Shoop (1974), Harris (1980), Brodman (1995, Karraker (2007a) Egg survival (r e ) 0.83 this study ( Fig. 2A) Maximum larval survival (r tmax ) 0.53 this study ( Fig.…”

Section: Sylvatica) or Causing Mortality In Aquatic Invertebrates (Amentioning

confidence: 60%

Impacts of Road Deicing Salt on the Demography of Vernal Pool-Breeding Amphibians

Karraker

Gibbs

Vonesh

2008

Ecological Applications

273

187

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Deicing agents, primarily road salt, are applied to roads in 26 states in the United States and in a number of European countries, yet the scale of impacts of road salt on aquatic organisms remains largely under-studied. The issue is germane to amphibian conservation because both adult and larval amphibians are known to be particularly sensitive to changes in their osmolar environments. In this study, we combined survey, experimental, and demographic modeling approaches to evaluate the possible effects of road salt on two common vernal-pond-breeding amphibian species, the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). We found that in the Adirondack Mountain Region of New York (USA), road salt traveled up to 172 m from the highway into wetlands. Surveys showed that egg mass densities of spotted salamanders (A. maculatum) and wood frogs (R. sylvatica) were two times higher in forest pools than roadside pools, but this pattern was better explained by road proximity than by increased salinity. Experiments demonstrated that embryonic and larval survival were reduced at moderate (500 muS) and high conductivities (3000 muS) in A. maculatum and at high conductivities in R. sylvatica. Demographic models suggest that such egg and larval stage effects of salt may have important impacts on populations near roads, particularly in the case of A. maculatum, for which salt exposure may lead to local extinction. For both species, the effect of road salt was dependent upon the strength of larval density dependence and declined rapidly with distance from the roadside, with the greatest negative effects being limited to within 50 m. Based on this evidence, we argue that efforts to protect local populations of A. maculatum and R. sylvatica in roadside wetlands should, in part, be aimed at reducing application of road salt near wetlands with high conductivity levels.

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Section: Sylvatica) or Causing Mortality In Aquatic Invertebrates (Amentioning

confidence: 60%

Impacts of Road Deicing Salt on the Demography of Vernal Pool-Breeding Amphibians

Karraker

Gibbs

Vonesh

2008

Ecological Applications

273

187

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“…Migrants take anywhere from days to weeks to return to the aquatic phenotype ( personal observations) and residents that already have larger tail fins should be competitively superior (Able 1999). However, larger individuals may be more susceptible to mortality due to pond-freezing and the resulting low oxygen concentration (Harris 1980). However, to fully evaluate the role of conditional asymmetries, one needs to know the body mass of newts prior to migrating but before transitioning to the terrestrial phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐ and context‐dependent migration in a pond‐breeding amphibian

Grayson

Wilbur

2009

Ecology

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Abstract. Partial migration, variation in the percentage of a population that completes a migration, can be influenced by the local environment and condition of an individual. We examined the direct and interacting effects of habitat quality and gender on migration decision by manipulating population density and sex ratio in a factorial field experiment using aquatic enclosures. In partially migrating red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens), we measured the percentage of newts migrating to the terrestrial habitat vs. overwintering as pond residents. Density significantly influenced migration, with 63% of newts migrating from high-density enclosures compared to 39% from low-density enclosures. Newts also migrated earlier from high-density enclosures, but no significant effects of the sex ratio treatment were found. Females migrated earlier than males, and 64% more females developed the migrant phenotype, suggesting important sex-based trade-offs of migration. No differences were found between migrants and residents in initial body size, counter to our prediction that larger individuals would be more likely to remain pond residents. This study demonstrates experimentally that migration can be a plastic response influenced by both local density and gender.

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“…However, the entire breeding season for south Florida anurans can last several months (Meshaka 2001) so that within any given year both interspecific and intraspecific variation in the timing of breeding can yield a mix of larval development stages and different species compositions in the aquatic environment. Simple differences in arrival order to an environment can have significant consequences for interactions between species and may ultimately influence community structure (Harris 1980;Alford and Wilbur 1985a, b;Morin et al 1990). Although O. septentrionalis could be a significant driver of ecosystem processes, the arrival order of both native and exotic anurans to a breeding site could lead to asymmetries in competition or other interspecific interactions that might differentially affect growth rates, length of larval period, size at metamorphosis, and survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of priority effects and pond location on invaded larval amphibian communities

2008

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In Florida, the Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) is a superb colonist and appears to be a significant driver of amphibian community dynamics. Decline of native anurans has been linked to possible competition with adult O. septentrionalis but interactions during the larval stage are largely unknown. Rearing O. septentrionalis tadpoles along with two native anurans, the Squirrel Treefrog (Hyla squirella) and the Southern Toad (Bufo terrestris) in both experimental artificial ponds and laboratory aquaria, the role of competition as the mechanism driving the dynamics of invaded amphibian communities in Florida was examined. Also examined was the role of priority effects and variation between pond locations in altering interactions between O. septentrionalis and native anuran larvae. Interspecific competition was strong during the larval stage; the presence of O. septentrionalis reduced larval performance and survival of native anurans. Pond location alone had little effect on interspecific interactions, but priority effects were strong. Pond location and priority effects acted together to influence species interactions. The selective influence of different interaction modifiers acted to increase or decrease the impacts of exotic species on native taxa.

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The Consequences of Within-Year Timing of Breeding in Ambystoma maculatum

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Impacts of Road Deicing Salt on the Demography of Vernal Pool-Breeding Amphibians

Impacts of Road Deicing Salt on the Demography of Vernal Pool-Breeding Amphibians

Sex‐ and context‐dependent migration in a pond‐breeding amphibian

Influence of priority effects and pond location on invaded larval amphibian communities

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