The confounding complexity of innate immune receptors within and between teleost species

Wcisel, Dustin J.; Yoder, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.034

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…NKRs evolve at a very fast rate, which has been clear for many years, as primates and rodents do not even use the same gene family to encode their major NKRs 188 . This rapid evolutionary rate has made it difficult to detect NKRs in ectotherms 20,189 . Large gene families of NKR-like IgSF proteins have been detected in amphibians and fish, but for the most part, their role in NK cell recognition per se has not been determined, and many certainly have other functions.…”

Section: Innate-like Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity

2018

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The adaptive immune system arose 500 million years ago in ectothermic (cold-blooded) vertebrates. Classically, the adaptive immune system has been defined by the presence of lymphocytes expressing recombination-activating gene (RAG)-dependent antigen receptors and the MHC. These features are found in all jawed vertebrates, including cartilaginous and bony fish, amphibians and reptiles and are most likely also found in the oldest class of jawed vertebrates, the extinct placoderms. However, with the discovery of an adaptive immune system in jawless fish based on an entirely different set of antigen receptors — the variable lymphocyte receptors — the divergence of T and B cells, and perhaps innate-like lymphocytes, goes back to the origin of all vertebrates. This Review explores how recent developments in comparative immunology have furthered our understanding of the origins and function of the adaptive immune system.

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Section: Innate-like Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity

2018

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“…It is presently not clear what roles teleost antibodies play in the opsonization of pathogens that enhance macrophage phagocytosis and the canonical Fc receptors responsible for this process in mammals have not been fully elucidated in teleosts ( 367 ). However, there are at least five distinct immunoglobulin domain-containing multi-gene receptor families with some structural and signaling motifs seen in the mammalian Fc receptors ( 368 ).…”

Section: The Macrophage Bridge Between the Innate And Adaptive Immunimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Fish Macrophage Antimicrobial Immunity

et al. 2018

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Overcrowding conditions and temperatures shifts regularly manifest in large-scale infections of farmed fish, resulting in economic losses for the global aquaculture industries. Increased understanding of the functional mechanisms of fish antimicrobial host defenses is an important step forward in prevention of pathogen-induced morbidity and mortality in aquaculture setting. Like other vertebrates, macrophage-lineage cells are integral to fish immune responses and for this reason, much of the recent fish immunology research has focused on fish macrophage biology. These studies have revealed notable similarities as well as striking differences in the molecular strategies by which fish and higher vertebrates control their respective macrophage polarization and functionality. In this review, we address the current understanding of the biological mechanisms of teleost macrophage functional heterogeneity and immunity, focusing on the key cytokine regulators that control fish macrophage development and their antimicrobial armamentarium.

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“…Ray‐finned fish (Actinopterygii) comprise the largest group of vertebrate species with over 30,000 members (Eschmeyer et al., ) and nearly all of these (>99.8%) are teleost fishes (Nelson et al., ), which include model organisms, such as zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) and Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes) and agriculturally important species (e.g., carps, catfish, and salmonids). Genomic analyses have revealed variation in the sequence and numbers of innate immune receptors in diverse teleost species with much of this diversity arising from recent gene birth and death events within multiple multigene families of innate immune receptors (Malmstrøm et al., ; Wcisel and Yoder, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotted Gar and the Evolution of Innate Immune Receptors

et al. 2017

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The resolution of the gar genome affords an opportunity to examine the diversification and functional specialization of immune effector molecules at a distant and potentially informative point in phylogenetic development. Although innate immunity is effected by a particularly large number of different families of molecules, the focus here is to provide detailed characterization of several families of innate receptors that are encoded in large multigene families, for which orthologous forms can be identified in other species of bony fish but not in other vertebrate groups as well as those for which orthologs are present in other vertebrate species. The results indicate that although teleost fish and the gar, as a holostean reference species, share gene families thought previously to be restricted to the teleost fish, the manner in which the members of the multigene families of innate immune receptors have undergone diversification is different in these two major phylogenetic radiations. It appears that both the total genome duplication and different patterns of genetic selection have influenced the derivation and stabilization of innate immune genes in a substantial manner during the course of vertebrate evolution.

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The confounding complexity of innate immune receptors within and between teleost species

Cited by 24 publications

References 82 publications

A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity

A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity

Mechanisms of Fish Macrophage Antimicrobial Immunity

Spotted Gar and the Evolution of Innate Immune Receptors

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