The conformation and structure of GAGs: recent progress and perspectives

Rudd, Timothy R.; Skidmore, Mark A.; Guerrini, Marco; Hricovíni, Miloš; Powell, A. R.; Siligardi, Giuliano; Yates, Edwin A.

doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2010.08.004

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For this reason, the solution dynamics of polysaccharides are important to their properties and physiologic functions. The conformational properties of heparin and HS are complex, and the past decades have seen numerous experimental and theoretical studies to better understand these properties (Mulloy and Forster, 2000;Skidmore et al, 2008;Rudd et al, 2010a).…”

Section: The Conformational and Dynamic Properties Of Heparin (Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs

et al. 2015

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Section: The Conformational and Dynamic Properties Of Heparin (Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs

et al. 2015

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“…As the HS chains grow in length, they undergo several consecutive modification steps, including N -deacetylation and N -sulfation of GlcNAc residues by N- deacetylase/ N- sulfotransferases (NDSTs), epimerization of GlcA to iduronic acid by a C5-epimerase, and finally sulfation at various locations by O -sulfotransferases. It is important to note that while protein-protein interactions rely on unique primary sequences, HS-protein interactions depend on HS charge distribution as well as overall conformation 11 , rather than on a specific sequence of sulfated disaccharide units 12 . From this notion it follows that other sulfated polysaccharides such as chondroitin sulfate (CS), having a charge density similar to HS and also being attached to proteoglycan core proteins, may regulate growth factor activities in a fashion analogous to HS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Overlap Between Chondroitin and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans During VEGF-Induced Sprouting Angiogenesis

Jan

Hayashi

Kasza

et al. 2012

ATVB

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Objective Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate key steps of blood vessel formation. The present study was undertaken to investigate if there is a functional overlap between HSPGs and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) during sprouting angiogenesis. Methods and Results Using cultures of genetically engineered mouse embryonic stem cells, we show that angiogenic sprouting occurs also in the absence of HS biosynthesis. Cells unable to produce HS instead increase their production of CS that binds key angiogenic growth factors such as VEGFA, TGFβ and PDGFB. Lack of HSPG production however leads to increased pericyte numbers and reduced adhesion of pericytes to nascent sprouts, likely due to dysregulation of TGFβ and PDGFB signal transduction. Conclusions The present study provides direct evidence for a previously undefined functional overlap between CSPGs and HSPGs during sprouting angiogenesis. Our findings provide information relevant for potential future drug design efforts that involve targeting of PGs in the vasculature.

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“…The fractions obtained (220-260 min) were combined, concentrated, dialyzed against flowing tap-water and lyophilized to obtain the major fraction BP1 (1.25 g). Generally speaking, the bioactivities of polysaccharides are closely dependent on their structures, including monosaccharide composition and sequence, glucosidic bonds, configuration and chain conformation [30][31][32]. However, it has not been clear if the pattern-recognition receptors of the cell membrane might be specific to the α,β-configuration of polysaccharides.…”

Section: Isolation and Purification Of Bp1mentioning

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Chemical Structure and Immunomodulating Activities of an α-Glucan Purified from Lobelia chinensis Lour

Bao

Leung

et al. 2016

Molecules

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A neutral α-glucan, named BP1, with a molecular mass of approximately 9.45 kDa, was isolated from Lobelia chinensis by hot-water extraction, a Q-Sepharose Fast Flow column and Superdex-75 column chromatography. Its chemical structure was characterized by monosaccharide analysis, methylation analysis and analysis of its FT-IR, high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and 1D/2D-NMR spectra data. The backbone of BP1 consists of The results of the effect of BP1 on mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 indicate that BP1 enhances the cell proliferation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide production and cytokine secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Because the inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4 blocks the BP1-induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, we hypothesize that α-glucan BP1 activates TLR4, which mediates the above-mentioned immunomodulating effects.

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The conformation and structure of GAGs: recent progress and perspectives

Cited by 52 publications

References 43 publications

Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs

Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs

Functional Overlap Between Chondroitin and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans During VEGF-Induced Sprouting Angiogenesis

Chemical Structure and Immunomodulating Activities of an α-Glucan Purified from Lobelia chinensis Lour

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