The Concepts of Common Good and Public Interest: From Plato to Biobanking

Simm, Kadri

doi:10.1017/s0963180111000296

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…With its origins in Judaism and Hellenistic philosophy, the concept of the common good has been used in a diverse range of philosophical, political and economic traditions from Aristotle's philosophy to various subfields including health economics and political science (e.g. Diggs, 1973;Simm, 2011;Smith, 1999). Some ethics scholars have defined common good as "that order of society in which every member enjoys the possibility of realizing his true self by participating in the effects of the cooperation of all" (Messner, 1965, p. 124).…”

Section: Humanistic Provenance and 'Deep' Meaning Of The Common Goodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond accountants as technocrats: A common good perspective

Frémeaux¹,

Puyou²,

Michelson³

2020

Critical Perspectives on Accounting

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In a context characterised by the scientification of accounting practices and standards, an important question to pose is how might accounting professionals be released from an excessive focus on rationality (technical accuracy, technical neutrality and technical abstraction) and reclaim the profession in the public interest? Grounded in a person-oriented approach, we contend the common good principle can help accountants to mitigate the tyranny of economic rationality/homo economicus notably through greater consideration of public interest, thereby enabling them to exercise stronger ethical judgement. First, the common good can serve as a basis for the establishment of an ethical protocol based on the search for embedded community goods, human development and the personal good of each member. Second, the common good provides specific ethical principles including subsidiarity, totality, teleological hierarchy, longterm commitment, reality and unity that can better assist accounting professionals to exercise ethical judgement and therefore contribute to the public interest. In contrast to defending a strict adherence to ethical rules enshrined in professional codes of conduct, this article argues for an open ended protocol inspired by the common good principle. This will, we contend, better promote the re-contextualisation of accounting practices conducted by reflexive, sentient and publically-conscious practitioners.

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Section: Humanistic Provenance and 'Deep' Meaning Of The Common Goodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond accountants as technocrats: A common good perspective

Frémeaux¹,

Puyou²,

Michelson³

2020

Critical Perspectives on Accounting

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“…52 In addition, it is noted that wider ideas of the common good, public interest or the collective needs of society are not represented. 58,59 Some have suggested that autonomous authorisation represents a particular set of Western social and cultural values and is not simply transferable to other societies and cultural settings. 60 An alternative and more recent approach to informed consent, termed the 'fair transaction model', sets the idea of informed consent in the wider context of consent to other social transactions (e.g.…”

Section: Theories Of Informed Consent: Developing An Analytical Framementioning

confidence: 99%

Provision of information about newborn screening antenatally: a sequential exploratory mixed-methods project

Ulph

Wright

Dharni

et al. 2017

Health Technol Assess

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BackgroundParticipation in the UK Newborn Bloodspot Screening Programme (NBSP) requires parental consent but concerns exist about whether or not this happens in practice and the best methods and timing to obtain consent at reasonable cost.ObjectivesTo collate all possible modes of prescreening communication and consent for newborn (neonatal) screening (NBS); examine midwives’, screening professionals’ and users’ views about the feasibility, efficiency and impact on understanding of each; measure midwives’ and parents’ preferences for information provision; and identify key drivers of cost-effectiveness for alternative modes of information provision.DesignSix study designs were used: (1) realist review – to generate alternative communication and consent models; (2) qualitative interviews with parents and health professionals – to examine the implications of current practice for understanding and views on alternative models; (3) survey and observation of midwives – to establish current costs; (4) stated preference surveys with midwives, parents and potential future parents – to establish preferences for information provision; (5) economic analysis – to identify cost-effectiveness drivers of alternative models; and (6) stakeholder validation focus groups and interviews – to examine the acceptability, views and broader impact of alternative communication and consent models.SettingProviders and users of NBS in England.ParticipantsStudy 2: 45 parents and 37 health professionals; study 3: 22 midwives and eight observations; study 4: 705 adults aged 18–45 years and 134 midwives; and study 6: 12 health-care professionals and five parents.ResultsThe realist review identified low parental knowledge and evidence of coercive consent practices. Interview, focus group and stated preference data suggested a preference for full information, with some valuing this more than choice. Health professionals preferred informed choice models but parents and health professionals queried whether or not current consent was fully informed. Barriers to using leaflets effectively were highlighted. All studies indicated that a ‘personalised’ approach to NBS communication, allowing parents to select the mode and level of information suited to their learning needs, could have added value. A personalised approach should rely on midwife communication and should occur in the third trimester. Overall awareness was identified as requiring improvement. Starting NBS communication by alerting parents that they have a choice to make and telling them that samples could be stored are both likely to enhance engagement. The methods of information provision and maternal anxiety causing additional visits to health-care professionals were the drivers of relative cost-effectiveness. Lack of data to populate an economic analysis, confirmed by value of information analysis, indicated a need for further research.LimitationsThere are some limitations with regard to the range of participants used in studies 2 and 3 and so caution should be exercised when interpreting some of the results.ConclusionsThis project highlighted the importance of focusing on information receipt and identified key communication barriers. Health professionals strongly preferred informed consent, which parents endorsed if they were made aware of sample storage. Uniform models of information provision were perceived as ineffective. A choice of information provision was supported by health professionals and parents, which both enhances cost-effectiveness and improves engagement, understanding and the validity of consent. Remaining uncertainties suggest that more research is needed before new communication modes are introduced into practice. Future research should measure the impact of the suggested practice changes (informing in third trimester, information toolkits, changed role of midwife).Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN70227207.FundingThis project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 21, No. 55. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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“…Consequently, we suggest that, for health research, it is more appropriate to refer to stewardship rather than ownership of data. In addition, contributors to the research enterprise should carry a collective responsibility for information governance and the business objective must also meet a public interest test 17…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory governance over research in an academic research network: the case of Diabetes Action Canada

et al. 2019

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Digital data generated in the course of clinical care are increasingly being leveraged for a wide range of secondary purposes. Researchers need to develop governance policies that can assure the public that their information is being used responsibly. Our aim was to develop a generalisable model for governance of research emanating from health data repositories that will invoke the trust of the patients and the healthcare professionals whose data are being accessed for health research. We developed our governance principles and processes through literature review and iterative consultation with key actors in the research network including: a data governance working group, the lead investigators and patient advisors. We then recruited persons to participate in the governing and advisory bodies. Our governance process is informed by eight principles: (1) transparency; (2) accountability; (3) follow rule of law; (4) integrity; (5) participation and inclusiveness; (6) impartiality and independence; (7) effectiveness, efficiency and responsiveness and (8) reflexivity and continuous quality improvement. We describe the rationale for these principles, as well as their connections to the subsequent policies and procedures we developed. We then describe the function of the Research Governing Committee, the majority of whom are either persons living with diabetes or physicians whose data are being used, and the patient and data provider advisory groups with whom they consult and communicate. In conclusion, we have developed a values-based information governance framework and process for Diabetes Action Canada that adds value over-and-above existing scientific and ethics review processes by adding a strong patient perspective and contextual integrity. This model is adaptable to other secure data repositories.

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The Concepts of Common Good and Public Interest: From Plato to Biobanking

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Beyond accountants as technocrats: A common good perspective

Beyond accountants as technocrats: A common good perspective

Provision of information about newborn screening antenatally: a sequential exploratory mixed-methods project

Participatory governance over research in an academic research network: the case of Diabetes Action Canada

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