The Concept of Stress in Fish

Schreck, Carl B.; Tort, Lluís

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802728-8.00001-1

Cited by 351 publications

(417 citation statements)

References 84 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

356

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Repeating and prolonged stress condition might become negative influence towards growth and developing level, immunity, and reproduction mechanism (Schreck & Tort, 2016). Decreasing on stress level during transportation is a crucial aspect to support survival rate and growth performance (Navarro et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress responses of transportation on red tilapia which given feed containing chromium

Rakhmawati¹,

Suprayudi

Setiawati

et al. 2018

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was conducted to evaluate stress responses of transportation on red tilapia Oreochromis sp. which given feed containing chromium. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental feeds were prepared, these diets were control (without chromium), CrPic 1 mg/kg, and CrYst 2 mg/kg supplementation in feed, all group were arranged triplicate. Satiation feeding was done three times a day. After a 60-day feeding experiment, the experimental fishes were fasted and distributed in polyethylene bags (N=60 fish/bag) containing 3 L of water, subjected to condition of transport simulation for 13 hours. Survival rate, levels of plasma cortisol, blood glucose, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) enzyme were observed at before transportation, after transportation, one day, and two days after transportation. The result showed that chromium supplementation reduced the levels of plasma cortisol before and after transportation, one day, and two days after transportation. Also, it decreased blood glucose compared with control significantly before transportation and one day after transportation. The SOD enzyme concentration increased significantly after fish was fed with feed containing chromium for 30 days, while the MDA enzyme concentration increased significantly after two days of transportation. However, there was no significant difference in the survival of red tilapia between treatments. The best result was obtained in the treatment of fish which fed with feed containing chromium. A 1 mg/kg of CrPic supplementation and 2 mg/kg CrYst increased the body resistance in red tilapia by decreasing the negative effect of stress while transportation.Keywords: stress, transportation, red tilapia, chromium ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi respons stres transportasi ikan nila merah Oreochromis sp. yang diberikan pakan yang mengandung kromium. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tiga jenis pakan, terdiri atas pakan tanpa suplementasi kromium (kontrol), pakan bersuplementasi kromium pikolinat (CrPic 1 mg/kg), dan kromium yeast (CrYst 2 mg/kg), semua perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga ulangan. Pemberian pakan sebanyak tiga kali sehari dan dilakukan secara at satiation. Setelah 30 hari pemeliharaan, ikan uji dipuasakan dan didistribusikan dalam plastik polietilen (N=60 ekor ikan/kantong plastik) yang berisi 3 L air, dilakukan dengan simulasi transportasi selama 13 jam. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah kelangsungan hidup, kortisol, glukosa darah, enzim superoksida dismustase (SOD), dan malondialdehida (MDA) saat sebelum transportasi, sesaat setelah transportasi, sehari, dan dua hari setelah transportasi. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah suplementasi kromium menurunkan konsentrasi kortisol secara signifikan sebelum transportasi, sesaat, sehari, dan dua hari setelah transportasi. Suplementasi kromium menurunkan glukosa darah secara signifikan pada saat sebelum transportasi dan sehari setelah transportasi. Konsentrasi enzim SOD meningkat secara signifikan setelah pemberian pakan bersuplementasi ...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress responses of transportation on red tilapia which given feed containing chromium

Rakhmawati¹,

Suprayudi

Setiawati

et al. 2018

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The natural stress response of fishes is often used in our assessment of welfare (Conte, ; Sneddon et al ., ) not least because our understanding of the physiological response of fishes to a variety of stressors is extensive, with many books and reviews written on the subject (Barton, ; Iwama et al ., ; Schreck, ; Schreck et al ., ). However, we cannot assume that there is always a direct relationship between stress and welfare.…”

Section: Fish Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical considerations in fish research

Sloman

Bouyoucos

Brooks

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fishes are used in a wide range of scientific studies, from conservation research with potential benefits to the species used to biomedical research with potential human benefits. Fish research can take place in both laboratories and field environments and methods used represent a continuum from non‐invasive observations, handling, through to experimental manipulation. While some countries have legislation or guidance regarding the use of fish in research, many do not and there exists a diversity of scientific opinions on the sentience of fish and how we determine welfare. Nevertheless, there is a growing pressure on the scientific community to take more responsibility for the animals they work with through maximising the benefits of their research to humans or animals while minimising welfare or survival costs to their study animals. In this review, we focus primarily on the refinement of common methods used in fish research based on emerging knowledge with the aim of improving the welfare of fish used in scientific studies. We consider the use of anaesthetics and analgesics and how we mark individuals for identification purposes. We highlight the main ethical concerns facing researchers in both laboratory and field environments and identify areas that need urgent future research. We hope that this review will help inform those who wish to refine their ethical practices and stimulate thought among fish researchers for further avenues of refinement. Improved ethics and welfare of fishes will inevitably lead to increased scientific rigour and is in the best interests of both fishes and scientists.

show abstract

“…When teleost fishes are subjected to a stressor, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐interrenal (HPI) axis increases production of cortisol, the primary glucocorticoid in this taxon (Barton & Schreck, ; Cook, O'Connor, McConnachie, Gilmour, & Cooke, ; reviewed in Gorissen & Flik, ). Cortisol has multiple functions in teleosts, including enhancing energy substrate synthesis (i.e., gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis), assisting in re‐establishing hydromineral balance, and temporarily diverting energy away from nonessential processes (i.e., growth and reproduction; reviewed in Mommsen, Vijayan, & Moon, ; Schreck & Tort, ). These effects are believed to be achieved predominately through glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation (reviewed by Mommsen et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects are believed to be achieved predominately through glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation (reviewed by Mommsen et al, ). Together, the actions of cortisol ensure that individuals have access to the energy needed to offset the deleterious effects of the stressor (Mommsen et al, ; Romero, Dickens, & Cyr, ; Schreck & Tort, ). Thus, the HPI axis acts to coordinate a suite of adaptive mechanisms that help animals cope with challenges in the environment (Romero et al, ; Schreck & Tort, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol does not increase risk of mortality to predation in juvenile bluegill sunfish: A manipulative experimental field study

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐interrenal (HPI) or stress axis in teleost fishes produces their primary glucocorticoid, cortisol. Although generally an adaptive response, prolonged HPI axis stimulation can impair organismal performance. Previous work has shown that stressed teleosts have higher mortality to predation than unstressed conspecifics, suggesting a role for HPI axis in modulating predator–prey interactions. Our current study investigated whether elevated cortisol levels altered the predation rate of a wild teleost fish, the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Wild juvenile bluegill were given intraperitoneal implants of cocoa butter (i.e., sham), or cocoa butter containing cortisol or cortisol and the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486. After 24 hr, fish were tethered along the bottom of the lake and their survival under natural predation was recorded following 24 hr. A subset of fish was used to validate the efficacy of cortisol implants in this setting. No treatment effect on survival was observed, suggesting that elevated cortisol has minimal involvement in mediating predator–prey interactions in this context. However, experimental fish may have demonstrated resiliency to physiological perturbations owing to the relatively acute duration of our experimental series, and negative effects might be manifested over a more chronic period.

show abstract

The Concept of Stress in Fish

Cited by 351 publications

References 84 publications

Stress responses of transportation on red tilapia which given feed containing chromium

Stress responses of transportation on red tilapia which given feed containing chromium

Ethical considerations in fish research

Cortisol does not increase risk of mortality to predation in juvenile bluegill sunfish: A manipulative experimental field study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About