The Concept of Accident Proneness: A Review

Froggatt, P.; Smiley, James A.

doi:10.1136/oem.21.1.1

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The first theory that studied the causes of road accidents can be categorized as an accident proneness theory, where the human factor is the main explanatory variable. Developed by psychological researchers in 1926 (Froggatt and Smiley 1964), the theory considers that certain individuals are more likely than others to be involved in traffic accidents, even though there are no differences in risk exposure (Farmer and Chambers 1940). Tillmann and Hobbs (1949) examined many lifestyle variables that might affect driving and concluded that high-accident taxi drivers most frequently come from a home marked by parental divorce and instability.…”

Section: Theories Based On Human Factor Aspects and Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper reviews the challenges and opportunities for addressing road safety in the region using evidence-based solutions. The paper starts by presenting a review of the theoretical literature on the causes of traffic accidents, including perspectives from diverse fields of study including psychology (Froggatt and Smiley 1964;Näätänen and Summala 1974;Fuller and Santos 2002;Summala 1988), transport economics (Elvik et al 2009), and more recent theories from microeconomics based on utility-maximizing frameworks. This theoretical overview of road safety helps to broaden the understanding of available empirical results and guide the formulation of research questions in future empirical work looking at the causal impacts of road safety interventions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Road safety: challenges and opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean

Martínez

Sánchez²,

Yáñez-Pagans³

2019

Lat Am Econ Rev

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Each year, 1.3 million people are killed on roads worldwide, and as many as 50 million are injured (WHO 2015). Approximately, 90% of deaths and injuries from traffic accidents occur in low-and middle-income countries, where direct and indirect costs are close to US$65 billion a year, exceeding the total amount of developmental assistance that these countries receive. 1 WHO (2015) forecasts that there will be almost 1.8 million traffic fatalities annually by 2030, and that traffic deaths will be the leading cause of death among those 15-29 years old. According to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC 2015), the rate of fatalities from traffic accidents in the region grew from 14.75 to 17.68 deaths per 100,000 population between 2000 and 2010, an increase of 20%. This fatality rate is almost twice the level observed in highincome countries (10 per 100,000 population) (Diez-Roux et al. 2012). Traffic deaths and injuries have become a major health and development concern. Research by Wijnen and Stipdonk (2016) shows that social costs of road crashes in highincome countries range from 0.5 to 6% of GDP, with an average of 2.7%. For low-and

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Section: Theories Based On Human Factor Aspects and Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Road safety: challenges and opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean

Martínez

Sánchez²,

Yáñez-Pagans³

2019

Lat Am Econ Rev

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“…Due to the rising prosperity, this was no longer acceptable or taken for granted. Accidents were no longer considered to be acts of (the) God(s), but man-made, and could be prevented [56].…”

Section: Time Period From the Industrial Revolution Till World War IImentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ontological and Semantic Foundation for Safety and Security Science

Blokland

Reniers

2019

Sustainability

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When discussing the concepts of risk, safety, and security, people have an intuitive understanding of what these concepts mean, and, to a certain level, this understanding is universal. However, when delving into the real meaning of these concepts, one is likely to fall into semantic debates and ontological discussions. In industrial parks, it is important that (risk) managers from different companies, belonging to one and the same park, have the same understanding of the concepts of risk, safety, and security. It is even important that all companies in all industrial parks share a common understanding regarding these issues. As such, this paper explores the similarities and differences behind the perceptions of these concepts, to come to a fundamental understanding of risk, safety, and security, proposing a semantic and ontological ground for safety and security science, based on an etymological and etiological study of the concepts of risk and safety. The foundation has been induced by the semantics used in the ISO 31000 risk management guidance standard. Hence, this article proposes a coherent, standardized set of concepts and definitions with a focus on the notion “objectives” that can be used as an ontological foundation for safety and security science, linking “objectives” with the concepts of safety, security, risk, performance and also failure and success, theoretically allowing for an increasingly more precise understanding and measurement of (un)safety across the whole range of individuals, sectors and organizations, or even society as a whole.

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“…A recent study by Wåhlberg and Dorn [43]] has also provided support for this proposition. However, the theory has been refuted by a authors such as Weinerman [44]]and Froggat and Smiley [45]], who linked variations in human performance with personal and environment factors, and associated accidents with biological conditions and environment. More recent studies also suggest that people who were more psychologically stressed were more likely to have a workrelated accident because they were more susceptible to cognitive failures [46].…”

Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Organisational Health and Safety Performance: Theoretical Framework and Contemporary Approaches

Pillay

2016

IJME

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This paper is reviews accident causation, prevention and occupational health and safety (OHS) management as an opportunity for improving organisational performance. A theoretical framework based on a periodization scheme is introduced first. This is then used to examine theoretical and practical developments in two inter-twined areas of research; accident causation and OHS management. The key premises, limitations and implications for practice are integrated into this review. The paper concludes with some identified gaps in research and opportunities for progressing organisational OHS performance.

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The Concept of Accident Proneness: A Review

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Road safety: challenges and opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean

Road safety: challenges and opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean

An Ontological and Semantic Foundation for Safety and Security Science

Improving Organisational Health and Safety Performance: Theoretical Framework and Contemporary Approaches

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