The concentration, trend and seasonal variation of metals in the atmosphere in 16 Japanese cities shown by the results of National Air Surveillance Network (NASN) from 1974 to 1996

Var, Figen; Narita, Yasushi; Tanaka, Shigeru

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00353-2

Cited by 125 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…(Gu et al, 2013 Observations in Japan also found that air pollution transported from the Asian continent was significant during winter. (Aikawa et al, 2010;Tomoyose et al, 2009;Var et al, 2000) The present study is limited to the winter period, and our results could reflect changes in SO 2 and NO x emission in the northern/northeastern part of China in winter. The NO 3 -/nss-SO 4 2-ratio has been above 1.0 in IL and is also close to 1.0 in JS and PO.…”

Section: Concentration and No 3 -/Nss-so 4 2-concentration Ratiomentioning

confidence: 56%

Long-term trends for nitrate and sulfate ions in snowcover on Hokkaido, northern Japan

Yamaguchi

Noguchi

2015

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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On the island of Hokkaido in northern Japan, a survey of air pollutants in snowpack has been carried out every four years from 1988 to 2012. In this report Hokkaido was divided into four areas, and we determined the concentration and deposition of non-sea salt (nss) sulfate, ammonium and nitrate ions in each. Transported air pollution was found to have accumulated in the snowcover, especially on the Sea of Japan side (JS).

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Section: Concentration and No 3 -/Nss-so 4 2-concentration Ratiomentioning

confidence: 56%

Long-term trends for nitrate and sulfate ions in snowcover on Hokkaido, northern Japan

Yamaguchi

Noguchi

2015

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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“…Calm conditions with a low mixing height in a cold season usually lead to higher concentrations than during the summer period. As reported by various research studies (51,52,53,54,55,56), the main meteorological factors are wind (speed and direction), temperature, monsoon, rain effect and dust storms.…”

Section: The Size and Chemical Composition Of Particulate Mattersmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effects of particulate matter air pollution on respiratory health and on the cardiovascular system

Pražnikar¹,

Pražnikar²

2012

Slovenian Journal of Public Health

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Particulate matter (PM) is a major component of urban air pollution and hasand also in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) has been observed in developed countries over the last 3 decades (11,12,13,14,15,16). The adverse effect of PM on respiratory health has a quantifiable impact, not only on the morbidity but also on the mortality of respiratory diseases (17, 18). On the other hand the possible association between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and exposure to airborne PM has only recently been addressed. As reviewed in several papers (19,20,21), exposure to PM as a result of outdoor air pollution has become a recognized risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events including cardiovascular mortality, cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial infarction (MI), myocardial ischemia, and heart failure (22,23,24,25). Additionally, the mortality in cities with high levels of air pollution exceeds that observed in relatively cleaner cities by 15-20 %. Even in the EU, the average life expectancy is 8.6 months lower due to exposure to PM produced by human activities (5,26). In the present review, the components of air pollution are presented and the effect of PM exposure on the cardiovascular and respiratory system is analysed. THE COMPONENTS OF AIR POLLUTIONPM is a major component of urban air pollution and has a major effect on human health, nature and atmosphere. PM10 means PM that passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at 10 µm aerodynamic diameter (27). Likewise PM2.5 means particles that pass through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter. The limit value for the annual average concentration for PM10 is 40 µg/m 3 . The limit value for 24 h averages, which may be exceeded 35 times per year, is 50 μg/m 3 for PM10. For air quality monitoring purposes, PM10 measurements are most widely used at present. EU Member states were also obliged to gather information on the concentrations of fine PM2.5 particles. The target value of 25 µg/m 3 for PM2.5 entered into force on 01/01/2010 and the limit value enters into force on 01/01/2015 (28). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits for the concentration of PM10 is 20 µg/m 3 and 10 µg/m 3 for PM2.5 (29). 2

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“…In the summer, the westerly winds were replaced by oceanic winds that contained less particulate matter. 18 Therefore, the statistical data for the wind direction frequencies on the 16 compass expression in Nagoya City during September, 2003, to August, 2004, were obtained from the Nagoya Local Meteorological Observatory;…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of the Elemental Concentrations Of Pm10 Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 The results are summarized in Table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, the concentrations of anthropogenic-source elements, such as Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ni, were significantly lower than the literature values.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Present Status Of The Atmospheric Environmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Variations of the Elemental Concentrations of PM10 in Ambient Air of Nagoya City as Determined by ICP-AES and ICP-MS

et al. 2007

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PM10 samples were collected at an urban site of Nagoya City during September, 2003, to August, 2004, and annual variations of the concentrations of the elements in PM10 samples were examined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The annual concentration variations of ca. 30 elements in ambient air were in the range from sub-ng m −3 to several μg m −3. From an evaluation by the enrichment factors of the elements, elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Ti, Mn, Ba, Sr, Ce, La, Nd, Co, Cs, and Pr, in PM10 samples were found to have originated mostly from natural sources, while the elements such as S, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Sb, Sn, Cd, Bi, W, Tl, and In originated from anthropogenic emission sources. Furthermore, in seasonal variations of the elemental concentrations of PM10 samples in ambient air, the elements originated mostly from natural sources provided significantly high concentrations in spring during the "Kosa" period (the dust season from March to May). On the other hand, the elements mainly from anthropogenic emission sources provided relatively higher concentrations in autumn and winter, which may be explained by the fact that the urban atmospheric structure is stabilized by the temperature-inversion layer formed over the city in those seasons. In addition, all of the elements provided significantly low concentrations in the summer, due to the dilution effect of the oceanic winds as well as due to the convection of air mass up to the high levels.

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The concentration, trend and seasonal variation of metals in the atmosphere in 16 Japanese cities shown by the results of National Air Surveillance Network (NASN) from 1974 to 1996

Cited by 125 publications

References 19 publications

Long-term trends for nitrate and sulfate ions in snowcover on Hokkaido, northern Japan

Long-term trends for nitrate and sulfate ions in snowcover on Hokkaido, northern Japan

The effects of particulate matter air pollution on respiratory health and on the cardiovascular system

Annual Variations of the Elemental Concentrations of PM10 in Ambient Air of Nagoya City as Determined by ICP-AES and ICP-MS

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