The effects of particulate matter air pollution on respiratory health and on the cardiovascular system

Pražnikar, Zala Jenko; Pražnikar, Jure

doi:10.2478/v10152-012-0022-z

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Multiple studies confirm that PM 2.5 and PM 10 can affect lung growth and development in children and adolescents, number of medical visits, and hospital emergency admissions due to the asthma, respiratory symptoms, and upper and lower respiratory tract disorders (Brown et al 2013 ; Linares and Diaz 2010 ; Praznikar and Praznikar 2012 ; WHO 2013 ).…”

Section: Health Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of air quality and sources affecting high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 in Poland, Upper Silesia urban area

Kobza

Geremek

Dul

2018

Environ Monit Assess

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The reports concerning air quality published by WHO and EEA showed that 33 out of 50 cities with highest concentration of particulate matter (PM)2.5 in UE are located in Poland. Various investigations identify main health outcomes to be consistently related to PM10 and PM2.5. Increased concentration of PM is responsible for 47.3 thousands of premature deaths every year in Poland. The objective of this study was the measurement-based assessment for determining whether the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 are within admissible limits or exceeded in Silesia Province. The data provided by the Voivodship Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Katowice was used in the analysis. The measurements were made in years 2009–2016 for PM2.5 and 2014–2017 for PM10 in three measurement stations: two in Katowice (capital of Silesia Province) and one in Żory. The increase in the number of excessive levels of average daily PM10 concentration in year 2017 were observed in all three measurement stations, both for the acceptable level, information and alarm level, with lack or singular excessive levels in the previous years. The increase in average annual PM2.5 concentrations in year 2016 was also observed, as compared to the previous year in all three measurement stations. The highest pollution is observed in winter. The main cause of exceeded acceptable PM concentrations in Poland is household heating systems, boilers and furnaces burnt with coal or wood, and chimneys. In Silesian Province, the air quality is poor and has deteriorated over the last year.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10661-018-6797-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Health Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of air quality and sources affecting high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 in Poland, Upper Silesia urban area

Kobza

Geremek

Dul

2018

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The first comprises numerous studies of life expectancy gains arising from specific medical interventions and innovations. The second group studies the relationship between risk factors and life expectancy but, given the complexity of this relationship, either the impact of a specific risk factor on different causes of death is investigated ( 3 - 5 ), or different risk factor modifications for a specific disease are observed ( 6 - 7 ). The third group investigate the impact of the major causes of death on life expectancy, often combined with decomposition by age ( 8 - 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longevity in Slovenia: Past and potential gains in life expectancy by age and causes of death

Dolinar

Bonča

Sambt

2017

Slovenian Journal of Public Health

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IntroductionIn Slovenia, longevity is increasing rapidly. From 1997 to 2014, life expectancy at birth increased by 7 and 5 years for men and women, respectively. This paper explores how this gain in life expectancy at birth can be attributed to reduced mortality from five major groups of causes of death by 5-year age groups. It also estimates potential future gains in life expectancy at birth.MethodsThe importance of the five major causes of death was analysed by cause-elimination life tables. The total elimination of individual causes of death and a partial hypothetical adjustment of mortality to Spanish levels were analysed, along with age and cause decomposition (Pollard).ResultsDuring the 1997–2014 period, the increase in life expectancy at birth was due to lower mortality from circulatory diseases (ages above 60, both genders), as well as from lower mortality from neoplasms (ages above 50 years) and external causes (between 20 and 50 years) for men. However, considering the potential future gains in life expectancy at birth, by far the strongest effect can be attributed to lower mortality due to circulatory diseases for both genders. If Spanish mortality rates were reached, life expectancy at birth would increase by more than 2 years, again mainly because of lower mortality from circulatory diseases in very old ages.Discussion and conclusionsLife expectancy analyses can improve evidence-based decision-making and allocation of resources among different prevention programmes and measures for more effective disease management that can also reduce the economic burden of chronic diseases.

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“…The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) evaluated in its outlook (OECD, 2012) that PM pollution will be the primary cause of deaths of African population by 2050, in comparison to hazardous water and poor hygiene. Pražnikar and Pražnikar (2012) comprehensively addressed in their review several epidemiological studies throughout the world; they reported a strong association between the PM concentrations and respiratory morbidity, cardiovascular morbidity and total mortality.…”

Section: Current Status and Challenges 721 Health Impacts Of Particulate Matter (I) Overview Of The Health Impacts Of Particulate Matter mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Air Quality Research – Current and Emerging Challenges

Sokhi

Moussiopoulos

Baklanov

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. This review provides a community’s perspective on air quality research focussing mainly on developments over the past decade. The article provides perspectives on current and future challenges as well as research needs for selected key topics. While this paper is not an exhaustive review of all research areas in the field of air quality, we have selected key topics that we feel are important from air quality research and policy perspectives. After providing a short historical overview, this review focuses on improvements in characterising sources and emissions of air pollution, new air quality observations and instrumentation, advances in air quality prediction and forecasting, understanding interactions of air quality with meteorology and climate, exposure and health assessment, and air quality management and policy. In conducting the review, specific objectives were (i) to address current developments that push the boundaries of air quality research forward, (ii) to highlight the emerging prominent gaps of knowledge in air quality research and (iii) and to make recommendations to guide the direction for future research within the wider community. This review also identifies areas of particular importance for air quality policy. The original concept of this review was borne at the International Conference on Air Quality 2020 (held online due to the COVID 19 restrictions during 18–26 May 2020), but the article incorporates a wider landscape of research literature within the field of air quality science. On air pollution emissions the review highlights, in particular, the need to reduce uncertainties in emissions from diffuse sources, particulate matter chemical components, shipping emissions and the importance of considering both indoor and outdoor sources. There is a growing need to have integrated air pollution and related observations from both ground based and remote sensing instruments, including especially those on satellites. The research should also capitalize on the growing area of lower cost sensors, while ensuring a quality of the measurements which are regulated by guidelines. Connecting various physical scales in air quality modelling is still a continual issue, with cities being affected by air pollution gradients at local scales and by long range transport. At the same time, one should allow for the impacts from climate change on a longer timescale. Earth system modelling offers considerable potential by providing a consistent framework for treating scales and processes, especially where there are significant feedbacks, such as those related to aerosols, chemistry and meteorology. Assessment of exposure to air pollution should consider both the impacts of indoor and outdoor emissions, as well as apply more sophisticated, dynamic modelling approaches. With particulate matter being one of the most important pollutants for health, research is indicating the urgent need to understand, in particular, the role of particle number and chemical components in terms of health impact, which in turn requires improved emission inventories and models for predicting high resolution distributions of these metrics over cities. The review also examines, how air pollution management needs to adapt to the above-mentioned new challenges and briefly considers the implications from the COVID-19 pandemic for air quality. Finally, we provide recommendations for air quality research and support for policy.

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The effects of particulate matter air pollution on respiratory health and on the cardiovascular system

Cited by 23 publications

References 91 publications

Characteristics of air quality and sources affecting high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 in Poland, Upper Silesia urban area

Characteristics of air quality and sources affecting high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 in Poland, Upper Silesia urban area

Longevity in Slovenia: Past and potential gains in life expectancy by age and causes of death

Advances in Air Quality Research – Current and Emerging Challenges

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