The concentration of the elements Zn, Cu, Mg, Fe, Na, and K in human amniotic fluid during birth

Anastasiadis, P; Atassi, S; Rimpler, Manfred

doi:10.1515/jpme.1981.9.5.228

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…These, in turn, may be related to increases in the levels of copper-binding and zinc-binding proteins, such as ceruloplasmnin, superoxide dismutase, and metallothionein [31][32][33][34]. The amniotic fluid levels of these acute-phase reactants tend to increase during late pregnancy in response to increased oxidative stress, with the increases being particularly pronounced in obstetric disorders [35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Evaluation of Three Washing Procedures for Minimizing Exogenous Trace Element Contamination in Fetal Scalp Hair of Various Obstetric Outcomes

Razagui

2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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A comparative evaluation of three washing methods for removing exogenous elemental contamination from fetal scalp hair is described. A total of 12 samples, including 6 from normal pregnancies and 6 from abruptio placentae (AP) cases, were used. Each was divided into four subsamples, with one left unwashed for comparison, while three were subjected to one of the three washing methods. The first consisted of agitating hair for 5 min in sequential and equal measures (30 ml) of acetone and water, followed by rinsing with acetone, and the process repeated twice. In the second and third, hair was agitated for 30 min in aqueous solutions of sodium lauryl sulfate (0.5%, w/v), and Triton X-100 (0.5%, v/v), respectively, followed by sequential rinsing with deionized water and acetone. After drying and microwave-assisted digestion in concentrated nitric acid, the subsamples' concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, mercury and selenium were determined using inductively coupled mass spectrometry. All washed subsamples, irrespective of washing method used, had lower elemental concentrations than the corresponding, unwashed subsamples. These differences, taken as presumptive indicators of exogenous contamination, showed only small variations (<5%) between the three washing methods, irrespective of element, mode of delivery, and obstetric outcome. However, the contamination levels elicited by each of the three methods varied in magnitude according to individual elements, with those of copper being highest, followed by those of zinc, cadmium, mercury, selenium, and lead. They also varied according to obstetric outcome, being highest in the AP subsamples, while in the normal pregnancy group, copper and zinc contamination levels in the subsamples from neonates delivered by elective caesarean section were higher than in those from normal-delivery neonates. The data from this study suggest that the three washing methods used have comparable efficacies in removing exogenous elemental contamination from fetal hair, further inferring that it is probably a simple biological matrix to decontaminate. Possible contributory factors are discussed and contrasted with those affecting adult hair.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Evaluation of Three Washing Procedures for Minimizing Exogenous Trace Element Contamination in Fetal Scalp Hair of Various Obstetric Outcomes

Razagui

2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…Concentrations of zinc, copper and iron in the amniotic fluid appear to be higher at 20 weeks of gestation [11,12] than at term [13,14], Nothing is known about changes in manganese and chromium concentration through gestation, except that the chromium content of amniotic fluid is very low [15], The contribution of trace elements in am niotic fluid to meconium would depend on the amount swallowed by the fetus which is now known. Irrespective of their source, the excretion of trace elements, particularly iron, in the meconium may play a role in postnatal development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Elements in Meconium from Preterm and Full-Term Infants

et al. 1989

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Meconium samples from 23 preterm infants (birth weight = 1,097 ± 359 g; gestational age 29 ± 3 weeks, mean ± SD) and 27 full-term infants (3,453 ± 476 g; 39.5 ± 1 weeks) were analyzed for zinc, copper, manganese, chromium and iron by atomic absorption spectrometry. Compared to meconium from preterm infants, full-term infants had an elevated (p < 0.05) total excretion (μg) of zinc (957 ± 545 vs. 503 ± 506), copper (245 ± 256 vs. 128 ± 94) and manganese (62 ± 55 vs. 29 ± 29), but not iron (190 ± 147 vs. 332 ± 532) or chromium (0.4 ± 0.19 vs. 0.75 ± 1.0). Two preterm infants had high losses (1.5 and 2 mg) of iron in their meconium. Zinc, copper and manganese losses into meconium appear to increase with gestation, whereas iron and chromium losses occur early in gestation and may be reabsorbed by term.

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“…Because of its well-recognized importance in fetal growth and development and its antiteratogenic action, zinc in amniotic fluid has been studied with particular interest [2,3,11,15,18,20,26]. ROSICK et al [18] reviewed previously reported amniotic fluid zinc concentrations.…”

Section: Zincmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amniotic fluid copper levels have also been measured in normal and high-risk pregnancies [2,15,16,20]. These are approximately 7% of maternal serum levels which are known to be elevated in pregnant women [15].…”

Section: Copper and Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between amniotic fluid and maternal blood nutrient levels

Tamura¹,

Weekes²,

Birch³

et al. 1994

Jpme

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To study the relationships between amniotic fluid and maternal blood nutrient concentrations, we obtained amniotic fluid and blood samples simultaneously from 76 pregnant women at around 17 weeks gestation. Folate and vitamin B-12 levels were measured by microbiological assay and radioassay, respectively, and zinc, copper and iron levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean concentrations of plasma and red blood cell (RBC) folate and plasma copper of the pregnant women were 38 (+/- 1, SD), 1,501 (+/- 374) nmol/L, and 32.7 (+/- 4.8) mumol/L, respectively, all of which were higher than those of healthy non-pregnant controls (p < 0.001). Mean concentrations of plasma vitamin B-12, zinc and iron levels and RBC zinc were 320 (+/- 130) pmol/L, 12.2 (+/- 2.3), 21.7 (+/- 6.1) and 177 (+/- 30) mumol/L and these were similar to those of non-pregnant controls. Amniotic fluid folate, zinc, copper and iron concentrations were 21 (+/- 13) nmol/L, 1.4 (+/- 0.6), 1.7 (+/- 0.6) and 6.8 (+/- 2.1) mumol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than plasma levels (p < 0.001). However, this relationship was reversed for vitamin B-12 (650 +/- 420 pmol/L). Significant correlations were found between amniotic fluid and maternal plasma and RBC for folate, and between amniotic fluid and maternal plasma for vitamin B-12 (p < 0.001). No such correlations were observed for zinc, copper and iron. There was no correlation between amniotic fluid and/or blood nutrient concentrations and pregnancy outcome including birth weight of infants.

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The concentration of the elements Zn, Cu, Mg, Fe, Na, and K in human amniotic fluid during birth

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

A Comparative Evaluation of Three Washing Procedures for Minimizing Exogenous Trace Element Contamination in Fetal Scalp Hair of Various Obstetric Outcomes

A Comparative Evaluation of Three Washing Procedures for Minimizing Exogenous Trace Element Contamination in Fetal Scalp Hair of Various Obstetric Outcomes

Trace Elements in Meconium from Preterm and Full-Term Infants

Relationship between amniotic fluid and maternal blood nutrient levels

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