The concentration of phenolics in brown-rot decay resistant and susceptible Scots pine heartwood

Venäläinen, Martti; Harju, Anni; Saranpää, Pekka; Kainulainen, Pirjo; Tiitta, Markku; Velling, Pirkko

doi:10.1007/s00226-004-0226-8

Cited by 63 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, as shown in Figure IIIa, the decay rates of samples with very different PS + PSM levels can overlap. This supports the suggestion that the activity of the fungus is not regulated only by stilbenes [14,26]. The results of this study do not provide very much information about the mechanism through which PS and PSM slow down the degradation processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…3e). There are a few earlier reports on the ability of phenolics to interfere with the penetration of water inside Scots pine wood [1,26,28]. The reason for this relationship does not necessarily have to be related to the chemical nature of phenolic compounds, but it could also be a specific feature in the structure of the wood that is correlated with the concentration of phenolics and the absorption of water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have recently dealt with the resistance of the juvenile heartwood of relatively young Scots pines. They have demonstrated the genetic variation in decay resistance [11,13], genetic variation and differences in wood characteristics responsible for the resistance [4,7,8,12,26], as well as the genotypic correlations between these characteristics [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in the decay resistance and its relationship with other wood characteristics in old Scots pines

Venäläinen¹,

Harju²,

Kainulainen

et al. 2003

Ann. For. Sci.

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-The importance of factors contributing to the natural decay resistance of Scots pine wood was studied. The decay rate of sapwood and outer and inner heartwood of 16 ca. 170-year-old Scots pines was first measured. A six-week decay test was performed with 5´15´30 mm wood blocks in dishes containing a brown-rot fungus (Coniophora puteana). The average mass loss in sapwood was 141 mg/cm 3 , in outer heartwood 57 and in inner heartwood 108. The variation between trees was largest in outer heartwood. The corresponding basic densities were 439, 456 and 411 mg/cm 3 . The mass loss was then compared with chemical characteristics and the sorption of water by parallel sample blocks in order to determine which factor has the greatest effect on decay resistance. The differences in heartwood mass loss were explained best by the concentration of pinosylvin and its monomethyl ether, which are phenolics belonging to the group of stilbenes, as well as by the concentration of total phenolics determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method.decay resistance / heartwood / phenolic compound / pinosylvin / resin acid / moisture content Résumé -Variation de la résistance à la pourriture et relation avec les autres caractéristiques du bois dans les vieux pins sylvestres. L'étude a porté sur l'importance relative des facteurs à l'origine de la résistance naturelle à la pourriture du pin sylvestre (Pinus sylvestris). Pour commencer, la vitesse de pourriture a été mesurée dans l'aubier et les parties externes et internes du duramen de 16 pins d'environ 170 ans. Un test de pourriture de six semaines a été effectué sur des blocs de 5´15´30 mm dans des boîtes de Petri, dans lesquelles le champignon lignivore de la pourriture brune (Coniophora puteana) se développait sur une base d'extrait de malt gélosé. Les pertes de poids de l'aubier, de la partie externe du duramen et de la partie interne du duramen ont été de 141, 57 et 108 mg/cm 3 , respectivement. La variation entre les arbres était la plus grande dans la partie superficielle du duramen. Les densités du bois correspondantes étaient de 439, 456 et 411 mg/cm 3 . Ensuite, les pertes de poids, les caractéristiques chimiques des blocs adjacents et la quantité d'eau absorbée par ces derniers ont été comparées, dans le but de déterminer les facteurs affectant le plus la résistance à la pourriture du bois. Ce sont la teneur en composés phénoliques, en pinosylvine et éther mono-méthylique de cette dernière, faisant partie du groupe des stilbènes, et la teneur en phénols totale déterminée par le réactif de Folin-Ciocalteu qui expliquent le mieux les différences de pertes de poids du duramen. Les différences s'expliquent aussi dans une certaine mesure par le taux d'humidité du bois atteint dans une humidité élevée (HR de 100 %). Une corrélation significative existait entre la quantité de stilbènes et la quantité d'eau absorbée par le bois immergé dans l'eau. résistance à la pourriture / duramen / composés phénoliques / pinosylvine / acides résiniques / taux d'humidité

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in the decay resistance and its relationship with other wood characteristics in old Scots pines

Venäläinen¹,

Harju²,

Kainulainen

et al. 2003

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…Recently a solid study on the concentration of phenolics in brown-rot decay resistant and susceptible Scots pine heartwood discussed the contribution of stilbenes to the differences in the decay rate of natural wood substrate. The results showed that the stilbenes alone do not explain the variation in decay rate [18].…”

Section: Stilbenesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Screening Analyses of Pinosylvin Stilbenes, Resin Acids and Lignans in Norwegian Conifers

et al. 2006

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Abstract:The content and distribution of stilbenes and resin acids in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea abies), sampled in central Norway, have been examined. The contents of pinosylvin stilbenes in pine heartwood/living knots were 0.2-2/2-8 % (w/w). No stilbenes could be detected in spruce (Picea abies). The resin acid contents of pine sapwood/heartwood and knots were 1-4 and 5-10 % (w/w), respectively. Minor amounts of resin acids (<0.2/<0.04 %w/w) were identified in spruce wood/knots. The lignan content in knots of Norwegian spruce was 6.5 % (w/w). Diastereomerically pure hydroxymatairesinol (HMR, 84 % of total lignans) was readily isolated from this source since only minor quantities (2.6 % of total lignans) of the allo-HMR diastereomer was detected. Insignificant amounts of lignans were present in the sapwood. Lignans could not be detected in the sapwood or knots of Norwegian sallow (Salix caprea), birch (Betula pendula) or juniper (Juniperus communis).

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“…Although cellulose is the determining component of the cell wall for water sorption [19], other variations in the amorphous components of the wood (hemicelluloses and lignin) and volatile components may have contributed both to the lower crystallisation coefficient of the old wood and to an increase in its hygroscopicity. In terms of the volatile components such as polyphenols, a high concentration of these contributes to low wood hygroscopicity [36], while the influence of the alcohol-benzene extractives has an uncertain influence on the hygroscopicity [40]. Perhaps a natural depolymerisation of the hemicelluloses, similar to that produced by high temperatures [27], and the appearance of new regions of accessible OH groups similar to those produced artificially by chemical reaction with organosilicon compounds [30] contribute to the increase in the hygroscopicity of the old wood after centuries of natural ageing.…”

Section: H Emc a Emc D ---------------=mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the hygroscopic behaviour of 205-year-old and recently cut juvenile wood fromPinus sylvestrisL.

et al. 2006

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-The hygroscopic response of the juvenile wood of Pinus sylvestris L. from recently cut trees from the Valsaín Forest in Segovia, Spain (new wood) was compared to that of the juvenile wood of the same species used in roof rafters installed at the end of the eighteenth century (old wood), which came from the same forest. The 35 ºC isotherms were plotted using the saturated salts method, and the mathematical fit used was the GAB model. The infrared spectrums and the X-ray diffractograms were used in order to study the possible chemical variations and crystallinity indices of the cell wall. The adsorption-desorption loop of the old wood is above the loop of the new wood, although the hysteresis coefficient is higher in the old wood. The peaks corresponding to the -OH groups are similar, although the degree of crystallinity is significantly lower in the old wood. While cellulose crystallinity differs between the old and new wood, and has a major influence on wood hygroscopicity, other modifications in the amorphous components of the cell wall may have contributed to the changes in hygroscopicity between the old and new wood. hygroscopicity / sorption isotherm / juvenile wood / Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) / X-ray diffraction (XRD)Résumé -Comparaison du comportement hygroscopique d'un bois juvénile de Pinus sylvestris L. âgé de 205 ans avec celui d'un bois juvénile récemment coupé. La réponse hygroscopique du bois juvénile de Pinus sylvestris L. provenant d'arbres récemment coupés de la forêt de Valsaín en Segovia, Espagne (bois récent) a été comparée à celle de bois juvénile de la même espèce utilisé comme bois de charpente à la fin du XIII e siècle (vieux bois), originaire de la même forêt. Les isothermes de sorption à 35 ºC ont été obtenus par la méthode des sels saturés, et l'ajustement mathématique utilisé était le modèle GAB. La spectrographie infrarouge et la diffractométrie par rayons X-ont été utilisées pour étudier d'éventuelles différences de composition chimique et d'indices de cristallinité de la paroi cellulaire. La boucle d'adsorption-désorption du vieux bois est au-dessus de celle du bois récent, tandis que le coefficient d'hystérésis est plus élevé dans le vieux bois. Les pics correspondant aux groupes -OH sont similaires, bien que le degré de cristallinité soit significativement plus bas dans le vieux bois. Bien que ces différences de cristallinité puissent expliquer pour une bonne part le contraste hygroscopique entre bois vieux et actuel, des modifications au niveau des composés amorphes de la paroi peuvent également être invoquées. hygroscopicité / isotherme de sorption / bois juvénile / spectroscopie infrarouge par transformée de Fourier / diffraction par rayons X

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The concentration of phenolics in brown-rot decay resistant and susceptible Scots pine heartwood

Cited by 63 publications

References 17 publications

Variation in the decay resistance and its relationship with other wood characteristics in old Scots pines

Variation in the decay resistance and its relationship with other wood characteristics in old Scots pines

Screening Analyses of Pinosylvin Stilbenes, Resin Acids and Lignans in Norwegian Conifers

Comparison of the hygroscopic behaviour of 205-year-old and recently cut juvenile wood fromPinus sylvestrisL.

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