The Concentration of Epidermal Growth Factor in Japanese Mother's Milk.

Matsuoka, Yoshikazu; Idota, Tadashi

doi:10.3177/jnsv.41.241

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…EGF and other EGFR ligands, components of breast milk, can contribute to each of these functions through direct ligation of the EGFR on goblet cells in the colon of offspring. Breast milk contains EGF and other EGFR ligands, such as AREG, TGF-α, and HB-EGF (17,23,24), though at reduced concentrations compared to EGF (18,19). We found no significant difference in the concentration of AREG, TGF-α, and HB-EGF in the stool between MOM-fed and formula-fed children, suggesting maternally derived EGF is the predominant EGFR ligand biologically available throughout the entirety of the GI tract, including the lower large intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formula-fed preterm infants have greater intestinal permeability compared to breast milk-fed preterm infants (13), and in animal models, formula feeding enables bacterial translocation from the gut to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and the liver (14)(15)(16). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a growth factor that is maternally supplied with high concentrations in colostrum and decreases in concentration in breast milk throughout lactation (17)(18)(19), and reduces bacterial translocation in formula-fed animals (20).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Maternal activation of the EGFR prevents translocation of gut-residing pathogenic Escherichia coli in a model of late-onset neonatal sepsis

Knoop

Coughlin

Floyd

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is a highly consequential complication of preterm birth and is defined by a positive blood culture obtained after 72 h of age. The causative bacteria can be found in patients’ intestinal tracts days before dissemination, and cohort studies suggest reduced LOS risk in breastfed preterm infants through unknown mechanisms. Reduced concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) of maternal origin within the intestinal tract of mice correlated to the translocation of a gut-resident human pathogenEscherichia coli, which spreads systemically and caused a rapid, fatal disease in pups. Translocation ofEscherichia coliwas associated with the formation of colonic goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs), which translocate enteric bacteria across the intestinal epithelium. Thus, maternally derived EGF, and potentially other EGFR ligands, prevents dissemination of a gut-resident pathogen by inhibiting goblet cell-mediated bacterial translocation. Through manipulation of maternally derived EGF and alteration of the earliest gut defenses, we have developed an animal model of pathogen dissemination which recapitulates gut-origin neonatal LOS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal activation of the EGFR prevents translocation of gut-residing pathogenic Escherichia coli in a model of late-onset neonatal sepsis

Knoop

Coughlin

Floyd

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This study was based on Japanese breast milk research projects conducted by Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd. and Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd. at two different times: one study was performed in 1989 [27] and one study is a currently ongoing longitudinal prospective cohort study [28]. In both studies, lactating mothers were recruited from three regions (Kanto: 35-37 • N, Kyusyu: 31-34 • N, Hokkaido: 41-46 • N).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Vitamin D and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Human Breast Milk between 1989 and 2016–2017

et al. 2021

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Background: Breast milk is considered the optimal source of nutrition during infancy. Although the vitamin D concentration in human breast milk is generally considered poor for infants, vitamin D in breast milk is an important source for exclusively breastfed infants. Increases in vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in lactating mothers may reduce vitamin D concentrations in breast milk. This study aimed to compare vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations in breast milk collected in 1989 and 2016–2017 and simultaneously analyze them with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); the association between the lifestyle of recent lactating mothers (2016–2017) and vitamin D status in human breast milk was also evaluated. Method: Lactating mothers were recruited from three regions of Japan in 1989 (n = 72) and 2016–2017 (n = 90), and milk from 3–4 months was collected in summer and winter. The samples were strictly sealed and stored at −80℃ until measurement. Breast milk vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Vitamin D intake, sun exposure, and sunscreen use of the lactating mothers in 2016–2017 were assessed. Results: Both vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations in breast milk were higher in the summer regardless of the survey year. Significantly lower vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations were observed in 2016–2017 compared with 1989 in summer, but no survey year difference was observed in winter. The stepwise multiple regression analyses identified season, daily outdoor activity, and suntan in the last 12 months as independent factors associated with vitamin D3 concentrations. Conclusion: The results suggest that low vitamin D status in recent lactating mothers may have decreased vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations in breast milk compared with the 1980s. These results are helpful for developing public health strategies to improve vitamin D status in lactating mothers and infants.

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“…EGF, a growth factor first discovered in saliva [48], exists at relatively high concentrations in human colostrum and decreases steadily in human milk throughout the first 2 months of lactation [9,38] to about half their initial levels in milk from women who delivered full term infants [38]. Concentrations of EGF in milk from women who delivered at 23-27 weeks of gestation were higher than in milk from mothers of term infants at similar stages of lactation [37].…”

Section: Epidermal Growth Factor (Egf)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Human Milk Growth Factors and Their Role in NEC Prevention: A Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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Growing evidence demonstrates human milk’s protective effect against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Human milk derives these properties from biologically active compounds that influence intestinal growth, barrier function, microvascular development, and immunological maturation. Among these protective compounds are growth factors that are secreted into milk with relatively high concentrations during the early postnatal period, when newborns are most susceptible to NEC. This paper reviews the current knowledge on human milk growth factors and their mechanisms of action relevant to NEC prevention. It will also discuss the stability of these growth factors with human milk pasteurization and their potential for use as supplements to infant formulas with the goal of preventing NEC.

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The Concentration of Epidermal Growth Factor in Japanese Mother's Milk.

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Maternal activation of the EGFR prevents translocation of gut-residing pathogenic Escherichia coli in a model of late-onset neonatal sepsis

Maternal activation of the EGFR prevents translocation of gut-residing pathogenic Escherichia coli in a model of late-onset neonatal sepsis

Comparison of Vitamin D and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Human Breast Milk between 1989 and 2016–2017

Human Milk Growth Factors and Their Role in NEC Prevention: A Narrative Review

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