Human Milk Growth Factors and Their Role in NEC Prevention: A Narrative Review

York, Daniel; Smazal, Anne L; Robinson, Daniel T.; Plaen, Isabelle G. De

doi:10.3390/nu13113751

Cited by 18 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Importantly, Holder pasteurization, which is commonly used for the treatment of donor breast milk, does not reduce EGF concentration. EGF has also been found to play an important role in neonatal disease 49,50 . VEGF, a growth factor, is present in human milk at a much higher concentration than in human serum, 51 and a growing body of literature suggests that it may contribute to pulmonary hypertension, which is usually associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EGF has also been found to play an important role in neonatal disease. 49 , 50 VEGF, a growth factor, is present in human milk at a much higher concentration than in human serum, 51 and a growing body of literature suggests that it may contribute to pulmonary hypertension, which is usually associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Our KEGG Pathway analysis also showed that VEGF signalling pathway was significant involved, and our research group will continue to conduct in‐depth exploration on VEGF in the later stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human breast milk‐derived exosomes through inhibiting AT II cell apoptosis to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in rat lung

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2022

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Human breast milk (HBM) effectively prevents and cures neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Exosomes are abundant in breast milk, but the function of HBM‐derived exosomes (HBM‐Exo) in BPD is still unclear. This study was to investigate the role and mechanism of HBM‐Exo in BPD. Overall lung tissue photography and H&E staining showed that HBM‐Exo improved the lung tissue structure collapse, alveolar structure disorder, alveolar septum width, alveolar number reduction and other injuries caused by high oxygen exposure. Immunohistochemical results showed that HBM‐Exo improved the inhibition of cell proliferation and increased apoptosis caused by hyperoxia. qPCR and Western blot results also showed that HBM‐Exo improved the expression of Type II alveolar epithelium (AT II) surface marker SPC. In vivo study, CCK8 and flow cytometry showed that HBM‐Exo improved the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of AT II cells induced by hyperoxia, qPCR and immunofluorescence also showed that HBM‐Exo improved the down‐regulation of SPC. Further RNA‐Seq results in AT II cells showed that a total of 88 genes were significantly different between the hyperoxia and HBM‐Exo with hyperoxia groups, including 24 up‐regulated genes and 64 down‐regulated genes. KEGG pathway analysis showed the enrichment of IL‐17 signalling pathway was the most significant. Further rescue experiments showed that HBM‐Exo improved AT II cell damage induced by hyperoxia through inhibiting downstream of IL‐17 signalling pathway (FADD), which may be an important mechanism of HBM‐Exo in the prevention and treatment of BPD. This study may provide new approach in the treatment of BPD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human breast milk‐derived exosomes through inhibiting AT II cell apoptosis to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in rat lung

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2022

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…Their effect varies between direct effects on breast and milk production, while others may contribute to the growth and differentiation of an infant ‘s tissue ( 6 , 7 , 22 ). The growth factors mainly influence the growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract but may affect glucose metabolism and newborn growth ( 26 , 40 ). However, the differences in the presence of growth factors in the colostrum from mothers with gestational diseases are rare in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Changes Human Colostrum Immune Composition

et al. 2022

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Breast milk is considered a complete food for babies. Up to 7 days postpartum, it is known as colostrum, rich in immunological compounds, responsible for providing nutrition and ensuring immune protection. However, some maternal factors, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), can change the concentration of bioactive compounds present in the colostrum and may affect the development of the newborn’s immune system. The effect of GDM on colostrum cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors is not well described. Thus, the present study evaluated whether the occurrence of GDM changes the concentration of biomarkers in the colostrum. A cross-sectional study was carried out on postpartum women who had healthy pregnancies and women who had been diagnosed with GDM. A sample of colostrum was collected for Luminex analysis. Our results showed that GDM mothers had higher secretion of cytokines and chemokines in the colostrum, with a higher concentration of IFN-g, IL-6, and IL-15, and a lower concentration of IL-1ra. Among growth factors, we identified a decreased concentration of GM-CSF in the colostrum of GDM mothers. Thus, the data obtained support the idea that the disease leads to immune alterations in the colostrum.

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“…Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an acute inflammatory disease, is one of the most severe gastrointestinal diseases in premature infants and develops in up to 10% of premature infants [63]. Human milk has been proved to reduce the risk of NEC [64,65]. Several in vivo and in vitro studies showed the potential of MDEVs to modulate NEC [37 ▪ ,66 ▪ ,67–69,].…”

Section: Milk-derived Extracellular Vesicle Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles in human milk

Golan-Gerstl

Reif

2022

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of reviewMilk-derived extracellular vesicles (MDEVs) are nanovesicles that carry microRNA (miRNA) DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids. MDEVs have a potential of therapeutic targets, based on their properties and cargo profile. The present review summarizes recent studies on MDEVs, their cargo and potential role in mammalian development. Recent findingsThe detailed characterization of their miRNA cargo leads to the conclusion of their potential importance in the regulation of gene expression, immune function, development and infant growth. While their miRNAs are important regulatory elements and their profile expression was characterized in various mammalian milk sources, little is known about their effect on infant health and development. MiRNA activity in breast milk is likely influenced by the overall ecosystem of the early environment, including maternal characteristics, behaviors, and health. SummaryMDEVs may have an important role in early child development and infant future health. Understanding benefits of MDEVs characteristics have potential role on gut maturation, immune system development and the prevention of metabolic disorders.

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Human Milk Growth Factors and Their Role in NEC Prevention: A Narrative Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 121 publications

Human breast milk‐derived exosomes through inhibiting AT II cell apoptosis to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in rat lung

Human breast milk‐derived exosomes through inhibiting AT II cell apoptosis to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in rat lung

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Changes Human Colostrum Immune Composition

Extracellular vesicles in human milk

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