The composition of ‘naturally coloured’ late Roman vessel glass from Britain and the implications for models of glass production and supply

Foster, Harriet E.; Jackson, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.08.008

Cited by 126 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In particular, the increase in recent years in published data has resulted in the identification of considerable compositional variability within this group, characterised by ever more extreme or low concentrations of some of the characteristic elements, and in its production into "strong" and "weak" HIMT groups, in accordance with terminology used by Foster and Jackson [30]. In this context, HIMT assemblage from Classe, subdivided into the three subgroups (CL1a, CL1b and CL1c which differ mainly for iron content) is quite coherent with the coeval Mediterranean and European HIMT glass.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Together with the uncertainty on its production region, HIMT glass has not been yet well defined compositionally [30]. In particular, the increase in recent years in published data has resulted in the identification of considerable compositional variability within this group, characterised by ever more extreme or low concentrations of some of the characteristic elements, and in its production into "strong" and "weak" HIMT groups, in accordance with terminology used by Foster and Jackson [30].…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In particular, samples belonging to group CL1, due to their high content of iron, manganese, titanium and alumina and soda can be assimilate to those dubbed "HIMT" by Freestone [28] and well documented in the literature (e. g., Group E, [28,29]; Group 2 [25]; HIMT1-2 [30]; Group Mean value and standard deviation (in italics) of the major elements for each of the three groups identified and some reference groups cited in the text are here reported. Reference average compositions are taken from: AQ1, AQ2, AQ3: Gallo et al [24]; Group 1, Série 2.1, Série 3.2 Foy et al [25]; Petra: Schibille et al [26]; Jalame (no Mn), Jalame (with Mn): Brill [27].…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As far as CL1c group is concerned, we were able to compare it with the "weak" HIMT group, i.e., characterised by lower values of iron, titanium and manganese oxide, such as Série 2.1 of Foy and co-workers [25], dated between the 6 th century and the 8 th century AD), and/or group HIMT1 of Foster and Jackson [30], dated from the 4 th century onwards and identified in British glass assemblages.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Archaeological and archaeometric study of the glass finds from the ancient harbour of Classe (Ravenna- Italy): new evidence

et al. 2015

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Introduction: The present study focuses on Late-Roman/Early Medieval glass found in the productive area within the ancient harbour of Classe near Ravenna, one of the most important trade centres between the 5 th and 8 th centuries AD of the Northern Adriatic area. Aims of the study were the identification of the main glass compositions and their contextualisation in Late-Antique groups; the identification of provenance of raw glass, and, consequently, of commercial routes; the extent, if any, of recycling glass cullet, as an alternative to the import of fresh raw glass; the identification of possible connections between archaeological typology and glass chemical composition.Results: 32 glassworking wastes and 25 drinking vessel fragments for a total amount of 57 fragments were devoted to chemical analysis in XRF and EPMA. All the analysed fragments are silica-soda lime glasses, produced with natron as a flux, and are compositionally similar to Late-Antique groups HIMT, Série 3.2 and Levantine1. Raw glass chunks, glassworking wastes and objects of comparable compositions are identified into HIMT and Série 3.2 groups, while the Levantine 1 group includes only objects and glassworking wastes. Systematic comparisons between Classe and Aquileia, the two most important Late-Antique archaeological sites of North-Eastern Italy, were also carried out, and the same compositional groups were identified, although Série 3.2 in the Classe assemblage is more represented. Sr and Nd isotopic analysis confirmed that the composition of the three glasses derive from coastal sands of the Syro-Palestinian and Egyptian shore, with a slight shift in comparison to the published data. Little evidence of recycling was identified in the assemblage. Conclusions:In the 5 th century, a secondary glass workshop devoted to the shaping of glass vessels starting from raw glass chunks and, possibly, glass cullet, was active in the area of the harbour. Raw glass of HIMT and Série 3.2 was imported from the Levant and Egypt. Comparisons between Classe and Aquileia show that during the Late Antiquity these sites seem to be supplied of raw glass by the same trade routes. In addition, some connections between types and chemical compositions were highlighted.

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Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Archaeological and archaeometric study of the glass finds from the ancient harbour of Classe (Ravenna- Italy): new evidence

et al. 2015

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“…Des analyses réalisées en Allemagne (Wedepohl et al , 1997), en France (Velde, 1990), en Angleterre (Freestone et al , 2008) et en Belgique (Van Wersch, 2011) montrent pour un large territoire des compositions chimiques assez homogènes. Ces verres pourraient donc être dérivés d'une même matière première correspondant à une seule source de sable provenant sans doute d'une région entre le Nil et le sud d'Israël (Freestone et al, 2008) ; -le recyclage de verre antérieur : dans l'état actuel de nos connaissances et bien que sujets à certaines discussions, à la i n de l'Antiquité, deux groupes principaux de verres incolores sont attestés dans le nord-ouest de l'Europe (Foster et Jackson, 2009). le groupe dit « HIMT », caractérisé par sa teneur élevée en titane (≥ 0,1 %), fer (≥0,7 %) et manganèse (± 1-2 %), a sans doute été fabriqué au ProcheOrient, voire en Égypte, et dif usé en Europe (Freestone et al ., 2005 ;Leslie et al ., 2006 ;Foy et al ., 2003 ;Aerts et al ., 2003 ;Silvestri et al ., 2005 ;Foster et Jackson, 2009).…”

Section: Les Verres Sodiques Incoloresunclassified

Early medieval stained-glass window from Stavelot (Belgium)

Wersch¹,

Biron²,

Neuray³

et al. 2014

archeosciences

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Black–Appearing Roman Glass

Cagno

Cosyns

Nys

et al. 2013

Modern Methods for Analysing Archaeological and Historical Glass

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In this chapter we discuss the possibility of using small segments of the whole glass production of a certain age to elucidate the global chronology and the geographical origin of glass in the period of interest. In particular, deeply coloured and black-appearing glass dating to the Roman Age (first century BC-fifth century AD) has been quantitatively analysed in order to extract information that can help our understanding of the organization of glassmaking, trade and glassworking in that era.A large number of archaeological glass fragments from the western and eastern parts of the Roman Empire has been gathered and analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and laser ablation-inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS).The glass samples analysed are macroscopically black, however, when the glass is examined in thin layers, a distinction appears between actual black glass (no hue perceived) and deeply coloured glass (a dark brown/purple/green tint can be seen). Background Roman Glassmaking and Glass MarketGlassblowing, introduced halfway through the first century BC, contributed to turning glass from an expensive material into an affordable commodity. As a consequence the glass market expanded and large amounts of glass were produced in order to satisfy the needs of consumers in Rome and its provinces. In this context it is interesting to explore the dynamics of the two different steps of glass production, namely glassmaking and glassworking.

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The composition of ‘naturally coloured’ late Roman vessel glass from Britain and the implications for models of glass production and supply

Cited by 126 publications

References 14 publications

Archaeological and archaeometric study of the glass finds from the ancient harbour of Classe (Ravenna- Italy): new evidence

Archaeological and archaeometric study of the glass finds from the ancient harbour of Classe (Ravenna- Italy): new evidence

Early medieval stained-glass window from Stavelot (Belgium)

Black–Appearing Roman Glass

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