The Composition and Anti-Aging Activities of Polyphenol Extract from Phyllanthus emblica L. Fruit

Abstract

Phyllanthus emblica L. (PE) is commonly known as a medicine and food homologous plant, which is abundant in natural products polyphenols. In the present study, polyphenols were extracted from PE fruit by response surface method, and the anti-aging ability was determined. PE fruit polyphenols exhibited strong antioxidant capacities in scavenging free radicals, and anti-cholinesterase ability by inhibition of AChE (IC50 0.2186 ± 0.0416 mg/mL) and BuChE (IC50 0.0542 ± 0.0054 mg/mL) in vitro. Moreover, PE fruit polyphenols showed strong protective effect against the aging process in Caenorhabditis elegans model, including increased thermal resistance, extended lifespan by 18.53% (p < 0.05), reduced activity of AChE by 34.71% and BuChE by 45.38% (p < 0.01). This was accompanied by the enhancement in antioxidant enzymes activity of SOD by 30.74% (p < 0.05) and CAT by 8.42% (p > 0.05), while decrease in MDA level by 36.25% (p < 0.05). These properties might be interrelated with the presence of abundant flavonols and phenolic acids identified by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, such as quercetin, myricetin, ellagic, gallic, and chlorogenic acids, together with their glycosides. The remarkable antioxidant and anti-aging potential of PE fruit polyphenols could be implemented in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

Health Beneficial Phytochemicals in Dioscorea caucasica Lipsky Leaves and Tubers and Their Inhibitory Effects on Physiologically Important Enzymes

“…Various compounds, e.g., galanhtamine, huperizine A, N -demethyl-puqietinone, yibeinoside A, quercetin, etc., which are abundant in some plant species, were reported as AChE inhibitors [ 4 , 72 ]. The anti-cholinesterase ability of Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract was also related to a high amount of flavonols and phenolic acids [ 73 ], which were abundant in the D. caucasica leaf extract evaluated in our study. The diethyl ether and ethyl acetate extracts of D. communis tubers tested in previous studies did not show an AChE inhibitory effect; however, some individual Dioscorea constituents (2,3,4-trimethoxy-7,8-methylenedioxyphenanthrene, 2,4-dimethoxy-7,8-methylenedioxy-3-phenanthrenol, 2,4,8-trimethoxy-3,7-phenanthrene-diol) inhibited the enzyme [ 3 ].…”

Longevity-promoting properties of ginger extract in Caenorhabditis elegans via the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway

“…GE mediation extended the lifespan above the average level as compared to other plant extracts in C. elegans. 29–31…”

One-Pot and Green Preparation of Phyllanthus emblica Extract/Silver Nanoparticles/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Spray-On Dressing

“…Plant-derived polyphenolic compounds have been shown to exhibit significant antioxidant properties in vitro and in vivo. These chemicals have been revealed to be major components in Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]. As a consequence, they are thought to play a significant role in the actions of current antioxidant spray dressings.…”