The components of rice and watermelon root exudates and their effects on pathogenic fungus and watermelon defense

Ren, Lixuan; Huo, Hongwei; Fang, Zhang; Hao, Wei Min; Xiao, Liang; Dong, Caixia; Xu, Guohua

doi:10.1080/15592324.2016.1187357

Cited by 47 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…More recently, it was shown that p ‐coumaric acid secreted by rice roots could induce PR gene expression in watermelon and protect it against F . oxysporum when directly applied to watermelon (Ren et al ., ), possibly explaining the disease reduction observed when the two species are grown together (Ren et al ., ). The discrepancy between studies supporting the growth‐defense balance theory and studies reporting positive effects of competitive interactions on plant immunity may originate from the diversity of signals perceived by a focal plant.…”

Section: The Genetics Of Natural Variation Of Plant–plant Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetics underlying natural variation of plant–plant interactions, a beloved but forgotten member of the family of biotic interactions

et al. 2018

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Despite the importance of plant-plant interactions on crop yield and plant community dynamics, our understanding of the genetic and molecular bases underlying natural variation of plant-plant interactions is largely limited in comparison with other types of biotic interactions. By listing 63 quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and global gene expression studies based on plants directly challenged by other plants, we explored whether the genetic architecture and the function of the candidate genes underlying natural plant-plant interactions depend on the type of interactions between two plants (competition versus commensalism versus reciprocal helping versus asymmetry). The 16 transcriptomic studies are unevenly distributed between competitive interactions (n = 12) and asymmetric interactions (n = 4, all focusing on response to parasitic plants). By contrast, 17 and 30 QTL studies were identified for competitive interactions and asymmetric interactions (either weed suppressive ability or response to parasitic plants), respectively. Surprisingly, no studies have been carried out on the identification of genetic and molecular bases underlying natural variation in positive interactions. The candidate genes underlying natural plant-plant interactions can be classified into seven categories of plant function that have been identified in artificial environments simulating plant-plant interactions either frequently (photosynthesis, hormones), only recently (cell wall modification and degradation, defense pathways against pathogens) or rarely (ABC transporters, histone modification and meristem identity/life history traits). Finally, we introduce several avenues that need to be explored in the future to obtain a thorough understanding of the genetic and molecular bases underlying plant-plant interactions within the context of realistic community complexity.

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Section: The Genetics Of Natural Variation Of Plant–plant Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetics underlying natural variation of plant–plant interactions, a beloved but forgotten member of the family of biotic interactions

et al. 2018

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“…Different techniques, such as grafting onto disease-resistant rootstocks ( Ling et al, 2013 ; Bie et al, 2017 ; Nawaz et al, 2017 ), biological control ( Zhang et al, 2011 ; Zhao et al, 2014 ), and use of disease-resistant cultivars ( Bai and Shaner, 1996 ) are utilized to overcome this menace. Intercropping is used to control different pathogenic problems such as Fusarium wilt because this is a safe and efficient method ( Ren et al, 2008 ; Zhang et al, 2013 ; Gao et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Intercropping Enhances the Resistance of Watermelon to Fusarium Wilt

Cao

Nawaz

et al. 2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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A fungus Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. niveum (FON) is the causal organism of Fusarium wilt in watermelon. In this study, we evaluated the effect of wheat intercropping on the Fusarium wilt of watermelon. Our results showed that wheat intercropping decreases the incidence of Fusarium wilt of watermelon, likely due to the secretion of coumaric acid from the roots of wheat that dramatically inhibits FON spore germination, sporulation, and growth. The secretion of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid from the roots of watermelon stimulates FON spore germination, sporulation, and growth. The secretion of phenolic acids and organic acids from the roots of watermelon is also promoted by FON infection. However, secretion of phenolic acids and organic acids from the roots of watermelon is substantially reduced under wheat intercropping systems. FON infection increases the accumulation of free and conjugated salicylic acid (SA) in watermelon grown under wheat intercropping systems through isochorismate (ICS) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathways. Furthermore, wheat intercropping up-regulates the expression of disease-and defense-responsive genes and improves the activities of corresponding pathogenesis-related (PR) enzymes in the roots of watermelon. In conclusion, the secretion of coumaric acid from the roots of wheat and changes in the composition of phenolic acid and organic acid secretion from the roots of watermelon suppress Fusarium wilt of watermelon under wheat intercropping system. Meanwhile, wheat intercropping also enhanced the resistance of watermelon to FON by up-regulating the expression of disease-and defense-responsive genes in watermelon.

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“…The exact amount and quality of root exudates of an individual plant strongly depend on photosynthetic activity (Siczek and Lipiec, 2016) and root development (Aulakh et al, 2001), which are largely controlled by plant age. The temporal dynamics of enzyme activities in soil are affected by the quality and quantity of root exudates during each growth stage (Ren et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and dynamics of enzyme activity patterns in the rice rhizosphere: Effects of plant growth and temperature

Wei

Razavi

et al. 2017

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

105

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The rhizosphere is the most dynamic hotspot of microbial activity in the soil. Despite these dynamics, the spatial pattern of many rhizosphere properties may remain stable because they are continuously reproduced in the changing environment. Low substrate concentration can strongly reduce the rate response of an enzymatic reaction subjected to increased temperature and is recognized as a canceling effect on enzyme temperature sensitivity. Carbon input from rhizodeposits affects C availability in the rhizosphere, and thus the enzyme activities responsible for organic matter decomposition, and their temperature sensitivities, upset the dynamics and stability of biochemical processes in the rhizosphere. However, it is unclear whether a canceling effect occurs in the rhizosphere. We studied temperature effects on chitinase and phosphatase during rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth at 18 and 25°C. The spatial distribution of enzyme activities was imaged using soil zymography and showed that the overall activities of these enzymes increased with temperature but decreased with rice growth. The temporal dynamics of hotspot areas were enzyme-specific. During growing days 14-30, hotspot areas decreased from 2-2.5% to 0.3-0.5% for chitinase, but increased from 2% to 6-7% for phosphatase. The distribution pattern of both enzymes shifted from being dispersed throughout the soil to being associated with the roots. For the first time, we showed the extent of rhizosphere enzyme activity in paddy soil and demonstrated that it is temporally stationary and independent of temperature. However, the temperature sensitivity of enzyme activities declined radically (Q 10 ∼1.3-1.4) at the root surface compared to that of bulk soil (Q 10 ∼1). We conclude that the spatio-temporal pattern of rhizosphere enzymatic hotspots is mainly affected by plant growth. High temperature sensitivity (Q 10 > 1) at the root-soil interface for the tested enzymes revealed that warming will lead to faster nutrient mobilization in the rhizosphere than in root-free soil.

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The components of rice and watermelon root exudates and their effects on pathogenic fungus and watermelon defense

Cited by 47 publications

References 47 publications

The genetics underlying natural variation of plant–plant interactions, a beloved but forgotten member of the family of biotic interactions

The genetics underlying natural variation of plant–plant interactions, a beloved but forgotten member of the family of biotic interactions

Wheat Intercropping Enhances the Resistance of Watermelon to Fusarium Wilt

Stability and dynamics of enzyme activity patterns in the rice rhizosphere: Effects of plant growth and temperature

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