The Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of the Crustacean Penaeus monodon: Are Malacostracan Crustaceans More Closely Related to Insects than to Branchiopods?

Abstract

The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Malacostraca), is presented. The gene content and gene order are identical to those observed in Drosophila yakuba. The overall AT composition is lower than that observed in the known insect mitochondrial genomes, but higher than that observed in the other two crustaceans for which complete mitochondrial sequence is available. Analysis of the effect of nucleotide bias on codon composition across the Arthropoda reveals a trend with the crustaceans represented showing the lowest proportion of AT-rich codons in mitochondrial protein genes. Phylogenetic analysis among arthropods using concatenated protein-coding sequences provides further support for the possibility that Crustacea are paraphyletic. Furthermore, in contrast to data from the nuclear gene EF1alpha, the first complete sequence of a malacostracan mitochondrial genome supports the possibility that Malacostraca are more closely related to Insecta than to Branchiopoda.

Mitochondrial COI-NC-COII sequences in talitrid amphipods (Crustacea)

“…Moreover, for A. americanus, D. pulex, P. japonicus and P. trituberculatus, there appears to be a 5-bp overlap between the last and the termination codon of (Figure 2), as proposed for P. monodon (Wilson et al, 2000) and T. cancriformis (Umetsu et al, 2002). COII started with ATA, ATC or ATT, which have been found as initiation codons in other animal mtDNAs (eg Wilson et al, 2000;Machida et al, 2002).…”

“…The alignment and homology with crustacean sequences from complete mt genomes extracted from GenBank are apparently unambiguous, but at the 3 0 -end of the COI sequence of Argulus americanus, D. pulex, Panulirus japonicus and Portunus trituberculatus, we include the first five nucleotides of the adjacent tRNALeu(UUR) gene (Figure 2), making a complete TAA stop codon, as previously suggested for P. monodon (Wilson et al, 2000) and Triops cancriformis (Umetsu et al, 2002).…”

Complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the Japanese buff-tip moth, Phalera flavescens (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)

“…For example, some unusual oligonucleotides, such as the TTA in Panulirus japonicus (Yamauchi et al, 2002), TCG in Bactrocera oleae (Nardi et al, 2003), ACG in Vargula hilgendorfii (Ogoh and Ohmiya, 2004), TATCTA in Penaeis monodon (Wilson et al, 2000), TTTTAG in Bombyx mandarina (Yukuhiro et al, 2002), and TATTAG in Ostrinia nubilalis and O. furnicalis (Coates et al, 2005), have been proposed as the cox1 start codons. As for the start codons for the lepidopteran cox1 genes, they are also controversial.…”

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Five-dot Sergeant <I>Parathyma sulpitia</I> (Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae) and its phylogenetic implications

“…The P. sulpitia mitogenome harbored 22 tRNA genes, which were scattered throughout its whole region as is typically observed in metazoans including insects (Cha et al, 2007;Crozier & Crozier, 1993;Hong et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2010;Wilson et al, 2000;Yukuhiro et al, 2002). All tRNAs presented typical clover-leaf structure, with the unique exception of trnS1 (AGN), which lacked the dihydrouridine (DHU) stem (Fig.…”

“…For the P. sulpitia COI gene, no typical ATN initiator was found in its starting region or in its neighboring trnY sequences. As for the cox1 initiation codon in animals, significantly different cases have been reported, for example, tetranucleotides such as TTAG in Coreana raphaelis (Kim et al, 2006), ATAA in Drosophila yakuba (Clary & Wolstenholme, 1985) are used, while hexanucleotides such as TATTAG in Ostrinia nubilalis and Ostrinia furnicalis (Coates et al, 2005), TTTTAG in Bombyx mori (Yukuhiro et al, 2002), TATCTA in Penaeus monodon (Wilson et al, 2000), ATTTAA in Anopheles gambiae (Beard et al, 1993), Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Mitchell et al, 1993), and Ceratitis capitata (Spanos et al, 2000) are used. Generally, the trinucleotide TTG was assumed to be the cox1 start codon for some invertebrate taxa including insect species, such as Pyrocoelia rufa (Bae et al, 2004), Caligula boisdnvalii (Hong et al, 2008), and Acraea issoria .…”