The complete nucleotide sequence of the chick a-actin gene and its evolutionary relationship to the actin gene family

Fornwald, James A.; Kuncio, Gerald S.; Peng, I. C.; Ordahl, Charles P.

doi:10.1093/nar/10.13.3861

Cited by 185 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the AChR a-subunit gene, this region contains a close-toperfect (9 of 10 nucleotides) Spl recognition site (13) in an inverted Qrientation. At a similar position in the skeletal muscle (but not the cardiac) actin promoter (16), there is also a match with the Spl sequence in the direct orientation. However, recent experiments suggest that it has no functional significance in that actin gene (3).…”

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confidence: 88%

“…The present results also confirm that tissue-specific and developmental regulation of gene expression involves evolutionarily conserved mechanisms (11,25,31,35), since a chicken promoter and flanking region will display correct regulatory properties in mouse cells. However, sequence comparisons with other chicken muscle-specific genes (8,14,16,20,32) failed to reveal any significant homology (above 70% over at least 15 nucleotides). The only exception is an 11-bp motif which is found in the cardiac actin gene at position +32 (8) and which occurs in the AChR a-subunit promoter at position -287 (underlined in Fig.…”

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confidence: 90%

“…The a-subunit promoter is very G+C rich, like the cardiac and skeletal muscle actin promoters: 88, 83, and 79% G+C, respectively, between CAAT and TATA (8,14,16). In the AChR a-subunit gene, this region contains a close-toperfect (9 of 10 nucleotides) Spl recognition site (13) in an inverted Qrientation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A 5'-flanking region of the chicken acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit gene confers tissue specificity and developmental control of expression in transfected cells.

Klarsfeld¹,

Daubas²,

Bourachot³

et al. 1987

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The 5' end and promoter region of the a-subunit gene of chicken muscle acetylcholine receptor was mapped and sequenced. It includes a TATA and a CAAT box and a potential Spl-binding site. When inserted in front of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, this promoter (including 850 base pairs of upstream sequence) directed high transient chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in transfected mouse C2.7 myotubes but not in C2.7 myoblasts or nonmyogenic 3T6 cells.The genes encoding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) of vertebrate muscle (and the closely related electric organ of some fishes) have recently been cloned from several species (reviewed in reference 41) and constitute a system of choice for studying the control of gene expression in higher eucaryotes. Indeed, muscle AChR is made up of four subunits assembled in an a243Y5 pentamer (9, 41), and one

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confidence: 88%

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confidence: 90%

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A 5'-flanking region of the chicken acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit gene confers tissue specificity and developmental control of expression in transfected cells.

Klarsfeld¹,

Daubas²,

Bourachot³

et al. 1987

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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“…mRNA isoform-specific probes were constructed from the coding region of chicken phospholamban cDNA (Toyofuku and Zak, 1991) and from 3' untranslated regions of chicken a-actin genes (Eldridge et al, 1985;Fornwald et al, 1982) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Preparation Of Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of phospholamban mRNA during early avian muscle morphogenesis is distinct from that of α‐actin

Toyofuku

Doyle

Zak

et al. 1993

Developmental Dynamics

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We have studied the expression of phospholamban during the early development of chick embryos by in situ hybridization and have compared it to that of a-cardiac and a-skeleta1 actin. In adult cross-striated muscles there is only one phospholamban gene and it is expressed exclusively in the heart and slow muscles. In the heart phospholamban transcripts were first detected at stage 14 in the region of presumptive ventricle and at stage 20 in the atrium. In the myotomal portion of the somites phospholamban mRNA was first detected at stage 20, which lagged behind the appearance of the a-actins. In the limb rudiments all three mRNAs were barely detectable through stage 24, but increased by stage 28 +.However, quantitative analysis of signal intensity at stage 28+ indicated that less phospholamban mRNA is present in the limb bud than in the myotome since for phospholamban the ratio of the signal density in the myotome to that in the limb rudiments was about twice the value of the ratio determined for the a-actins. Northern blot analysis of embryonic day 11 chick fast pectoralis muscle showed that phospholamban mRNA was not detected in vivo while a-cardiac actin mRNA was. Moreover, no phospholamban mRNA was detected in primary cultures derived from pectoralis muscle of the same age. In concert with previous observations that phospholamban is not detectable at stage 30-32 in wing or thigh muscle, these results suggest that phospholamban mRNA is expressed independently of the a-actins in the limb buds during early myogenesis. 0 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Each has a large first intron that interrupts the 5′ noncoding region or the first two codons of the gene. This structure is present in both Drosophila (Basi and Storti, 1986;Falkenthal et al, 1984;Geyer and Fyrberg, 1986;Marin et al, 2004;Mas et al, 2004;Parker et al, 1985) and vertebrate muscle genes (Baldwin et al, 1985;Chang et al, 1985;Fornwald et al, 1982;Nabeshima et al, 1984;Strehler et al, 1986). Transcriptional enhancer elements are located in the first intron of a number of such muscle genes (Konieczny and Emerson, 1987;Marin et al, 2004;Mas et al, 2004;Meredith and Storti, 1993;Ng et al, 1989;Yutzey et al, 1989).…”

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Transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster muscle myosin heavy-chain gene

Hess

Singer

Trinh

et al. 2007

Gene Expression Patterns

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We show that a 2.6 kb fragment of the muscle myosin heavy-chain gene (Mhc) of Drosophila melanogaster (containing 458 base pairs of upstream sequence, the first exon, the first intron and the beginning of the second exon) drives expression in all muscles. Comparison of the minimal promoter to Mhc genes of ten Drosophila species identified putative regulatory elements in the upstream region and in the first intron. The first intron is required for expression in four small cells of the tergal depressor of the trochanter (jump) muscle and in the indirect flight muscle. The 3′ end of this intron is important for Mhc transcription in embryonic body wall muscle and contains AT-rich elements that are protected from DNase I digestion by nuclear proteins of Drosophila embryos. Sequences responsible for expression in embryonic, adult body wall and adult head muscles are present both within and outside the intron. Elements important for expression in leg muscles and in the large cells of the jump muscle flank the intron. We conclude that multiple transcriptional regulatory elements are responsible for Mhc expression in specific sets of Drosophila muscles. KeywordsDrosophila melanogaster; muscle; myosin heavy chain; transcription; enhancer; gene regulation Drosophila melanogaster is unusual in having a single muscle myosin heavy-chain gene (Mhc) (Bernstein et al., 1983;Rozek and Davidson, 1983), rather than a Mhc multigene family (see Emerson and Bernstein, 1987 for review). Alternative splicing of the primary transcripts from this gene yields multiple isoforms of the protein (Collier et al., 1990;George et al., 1989;Hastings and Emerson, 1991;Kazzaz and Rozek, 1989;Kronert et al., 1991;Zhang and Bernstein, 2001). Drosophila Mhc is expressed in all muscles at embryonic, larval, pupal and adult stages. Thus several stage-or muscle-specific enhancer elements may regulate its transcription.Transcriptional regulatory regions for a number of Drosophila muscle genes have been mapped, resulting in the identification of both unique and shared cis-acting elements (Arredondo et al., 2001;Kelly et al., 2002;Marin et al., 2004;Mas et al., 2004;Meredith and Storti, 1993). The latter includes E-boxes that bind helix-loop-helix transcription factors and MEF2 sites that bind MEF2 protein (Bour et al., 1995; Lilly et al., 1995). E-boxes, MEF2 sites and their binding factors positively regulate vertebrate muscle gene expression as well (see Molkentin and Olson, 1996 for review).* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-619-594-5629; fax: +1-619-594-5676; E-mail address: sbernst@sunstroke.sdsu.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal dis...

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The complete nucleotide sequence of the chick a-actin gene and its evolutionary relationship to the actin gene family

Abstract: The

Cited by 185 publications

References 38 publications

A 5'-flanking region of the chicken acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit gene confers tissue specificity and developmental control of expression in transfected cells.

A 5'-flanking region of the chicken acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit gene confers tissue specificity and developmental control of expression in transfected cells.

Expression of phospholamban mRNA during early avian muscle morphogenesis is distinct from that of α‐actin

Transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster muscle myosin heavy-chain gene

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