The comparison of anesthetic potency and toxicity of 2-phenoxyethanol and 1-phenoxy-2-propanol for juvenile common carp

Abstract

The experiments were carried out on young carps (n = 330) of 107 ± 20.9 g in weight and 190 ± 11.9 cm in total length. Fish were supplied by a local fish farm in Ostróda, Poland.

2-Phenoxyethanol as an anesthetic for Rhamdia quelen: a comparison with eugenol.

“…This was the lowest effective concentration observed for R. quelen. This concentration was similar to that found by Weber et al (2009) to anesthetize S. senegalensis (74 ± 4 and 213 ± 15 g, 600 µL L -1 ) and by Czerniak Similar results confirming the strong correlation between concentration and recovery time were found in D. sargus L. and D. puntazzo C. (Tsantilas et al, 2006), A. regius (Barata et al, 2016, C. carpio (Czerniak et al, 2018) andA. bimaculatus (da Silva et al, 2019).…”

“…Similar results confirming the strong correlation between concentration and induction time were found in Solea senegalensis (Weber et al, 2009), Argyrosomus regius (Barata et al, 2016), Alosa pseudoharengus (Berlinsky et al, 2016), Cyprinus carpio (Czerniak et al, 2018), and Astyanax bimaculatus (da Silva et al, 2019). This situation can be attributed to higher concentrations that induced anesthesia more quickly, which allowed fish to be removed from the anesthetic tank and placed in clear water earlier than fish exposed to lower concentrations (Mylonas et al, 2005).…”

“…In aquaculture, fish are routinely manipulated, and this can cause stress, pain, and even death of the animals (Barata et al, 2016). To comply with animal use ethics, anesthetics are used (Gomułka et al, 2015;Czerniak et al, 2018;Kizak et al, 2018;Uehara et al, 2019). When submitted to an anesthetic, fish feel less pain and become calmer, thus facilitating and improving handling, transportation, and even surgery (Hoseini et al, 2015;Barata et al, 2016;Mazandarani & Hoseini, 2017).…”

“…2-Phenoxyethanol (2-Phe), also known as Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, PHE-G, PHE-S, PHE, PhG, and Phenylglycol, is a colorless, aromatic and moderately oily liquid (Barata et al, 2016) soluble in water (Barata et al, 2016;Czerniak et al, 2018;da Silva et al, 2019). According to Czerniak et al (2018), it is an effective and safe anesthetic for fish, in addition to having antimicrobial and antifungal activities (Ross & Ross, 2008).…”

Anesthetic and sedative efficacy of peppermint (Menthapiperita) and lavender (Lavandulaangustifolia) essential oils in blue dolphin cichlid (Cyrtocaramoorii)

“…Anesthetics or sedatives have been used for many purposes, such as sedation and keeping fish in a stable form, and for comfortable handling, catching, transport, measurement, etc. (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The transportation of fish is particularly common in the ornamental fish sector and involves the use of plastic or nylon bags.…”