The comparative value of heated ground unextracted soybeans and heated dehulled soybean flakes as a source of soybean oil and energy for the chick

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to evaluate heated unextracted soybean fractions as sources of soybean oil and protein for the growing chick. Heated dehulled unextracted soybean flakes produced growth rate and feed efficiency equal to that obtained with the combination of soybean oil meal and degummed soybean oil while heated ground unextracted soybeans were less satisfactory in this respect. The poorer results obtained with ground unextracted soybeans were shown to be related to a poorer absorbability of the oil in them. Flaking the soybeans markedly improved the absorbability of the oil by the chick, probably by causing a greater disruption of cellular structure than was obtained by the grinding of the soybeans. The metabolizable energy of ground unextracted soybeans was substantially less than that of unextracted soybean flakes. Most of the differences in metabolizable energy were accounted for by differences in absorbability of the oil. Soybean hulls at a level equivalent to that contained in soybeans were found to have no effect on growth rate and only a slight effect on feed efficiency. Autoclaving soybean oil did not lower its value for the chick. The relationship between the poorer growth obtained with ground unextracted soybeans and the low absorbability of the oil in them was discussed. To obtain maximum efficiency in the use of unextracted soybean products in chick rations, some such means as flaking must first be employed to increase the availability of the oil.

A Comparison of Processing Conditions of Unextracted Soybeans for Utilization by the Chick

“…The significant improvement in feed efficiency of birds fed the pelleted heated soybean diet as compared with the unpelleted heated soybean diet which was observed in the previous experiment was not observed in this experiment. The failure to obtain maximal chick growth or feed utilization as a result of the feeding of heated unextracted soybeans and the marked improvement in chick performance resulting from the use of mechanical pressure in addition to heating are in agreement with the work of Carew et al (1959Carew et al ( , 1961, Renner and Hill (1960) and . In contrast to the findings of who observed that the pelleting of the entire diet containing heated beans resulted in better performance of chicks as compared to pelleting only the heated beans, the results of this study indicated that either pelleting method results in similar performance of chicks.…”

“…In addition to adequate heating, work by Carew et at. (1959Carew et at. ( , 1961, Renner and Hill (1960) and has also shown a need for mechanical pressure to insure maximal utilization of the oil and, therefore, maximal performance of chicks fed unextracted soybeans.…”

Efeito do processamento da soja integral sobre a energia metabolizável e a digestibilidade dos aminoácidos para aves

“…Considerando-se que a digestibilidade da gordura é o fator que mais influencia os valores de energia metabolizável dos alimentos (Carew et al, 1961), certamente os resultados obtidos para a energia metabolizável dos alimentos, pelos diferentes métodos, estão diretamente relacionados aos resultados de CDEEA e CDEEV. Portanto, a disponibilidade da gordura nos alimentos, a composição em ácidos graxos da gordura e a idade das aves são fatores que influenciaram a digestibilidade do extrato etéreo e os valores de energia metabolizável dos alimentos avaliados.…”

The Use of Unextracted Soybeans for Chicks

“…However, a great deal of interest has developed in recent years in the use of unextracted soybeans to take advantage of the energy contribution of the oil and eliminate the cost of extraction. Studies to date have been concerned with heating conditions (Stephenson and Tollett, 1959;Renner and Hill, 1960) and the use of mechanical pressure or flaking to maximize performance of chicks fed unextracted soybeans (Carew et al, 1959(Carew et al, , 1961Renner and Hill, 1963;Carew and Nesheim, 1962).…”