The community context of species’ borders: ecological and evolutionary perspectives

Case, Ted J.; Holt, Robert D.; McPeek, Mark A.; Keitt, Timothy H.

doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13148.x

Cited by 332 publications

(384 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with other studies, our analysis showed that competition can reduce a species range (Case et al 2005), and that dispersal can cause species distributions to differ from fundamental niche space due to immigration from source populations (the rescue effect) (Brown and KodricBrown 1977;Pulliam 1988) or emigration to sink populations (Amarasekare and Nisbet 2001). Underlying these effects were changes in source and sink regions that deviated from fundamental niche space due to dispersal between and reflecting boundaries near favorable or unfavorable habitat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

An R 0 theory for source–sink dynamics with application to Dreissena competition

Krkošek

Lewis

2009

Theor Ecol

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Source-sink dynamics may be ubiquitous in ecology. We developed a theory for source-sink dynamics using spatial extensions of the net reproductive value, R 0 , which has been used elsewhere to define fitness, disease eradication, population growth, and invasion risk. R 0 decomposes into biologically meaningful componentslifetime reproductive output, survival, and dispersal-that are widely adaptable and easily interpreted. The theory provides a general quantitative means for relating fundamental niche, biotic interactions, dispersal, and species distributions. We applied the methods to Dreissena and found a resolution to a paradox in invasion biology-competitive coexistence between quagga (Dreissena bugensis) and zebra (D. polymorpha) mussels among lakes despite extensive niche overlap within lakes. Source-sink dynamics within lakes between deepwater and shallow habitats, which favor quagga and zebra mussels, respectively, yield a metacommunity distribution where quagga mussels dominate large lakes and zebra mussels dominate small lakes. The sourcesink framework may also be useful in spatial competition theory, habitat conservation, marine protected areas, and ecological responses to climate change.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

An R 0 theory for source–sink dynamics with application to Dreissena competition

Krkošek

Lewis

2009

Theor Ecol

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“…In addition to selection from abiotic factors, biotic interactions can influence range margins [141], and are likely to differ in importance between native and introduced ranges as well as between invasive and endangered species. There are several mechanisms by which negative interactions (e.g.…”

Section: Ecological Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Invasions and extinctions through the looking glass of evolutionary ecology

Colautti

Alexander

Dlugosch

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

108

100

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One contribution of 18 to a theme issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'. Invasive and endangered species reflect opposite ends of a spectrum of ecological success, yet they experience many similar eco-evolutionary challenges including demographic bottlenecks, hybridization and novel environments. Despite these similarities, important differences exist. Demographic bottlenecks are more transient in invasive species, which (i) maintains ecologically relevant genetic variation, (ii) reduces mutation load, and (iii) increases the efficiency of natural selection relative to genetic drift. Endangered species are less likely to benefit from admixture, which offsets mutation load but also reduces fitness when populations are locally adapted. Invading species generally experience more benign environments with fewer natural enemies, which increases fitness directly and also indirectly by masking inbreeding depression. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity can maintain fitness in novel environments but is more likely to evolve in invasive species encountering variable habitats and to be compromised by demographic factors in endangered species. Placed in an eco-evolutionary context, these differences affect the breadth of the ecological niche, which arises as an emergent property of antagonistic selection and genetic constraints. Comparative studies of invasions and extinctions that apply an eco-evolutionary perspective could provide new insights into the environmental and genetic basis of ecological success in novel environments and improve efforts to preserve global biodiversity.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'.

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“…Both the abundance and distribution of species may be determined by interactions of individuals with competitors of their own or other species, with predators and parasites, and with the abiotic environment (4). In the context of ecosystem response to global climate change, considerable emphasis has been placed on the question of how plant community composition and productivity will respond to warming (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing plant community responses to warming with and without herbivores

Post

Pedersen

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

426

493

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If controls over primary productivity and plant community composition are mainly environmental, as opposed to biological, then global change may result in large-scale alterations in ecosystem structure and function. This view appears to be favored among investigations of plant biomass and community responses to experimental and observed warming. In far northern and arctic ecosystems, such studies predict increasing dominance of woody shrubs with future warming and emphasize the carbon (C)-sequestration potential and consequent atmospheric feedback potential of such responses. In contrast to previous studies, we incorporated natural herbivory by muskoxen and caribou into a 5-year experimental investigation of arctic plant community response to warming. In accordance with other studies, warming increased total community biomass by promoting growth of deciduous shrubs (dwarf birch and gray willow). However, muskoxen and caribou reduced total community biomass response, and responses of birch and willow, to warming by 19%, 46%, and 11%, respectively. Furthermore, under warming alone, the plant community shifted after 5 years away from graminoid-dominated toward dwarf birch-dominated. In contrast, where herbivores grazed, plant community composition on warmed plots did not differ from that on ambient plots after 5 years. These results highlight the potentially important and overlooked influences of vertebrate herbivores on plant community response to warming and emphasize that conservation and management of large herbivores may be an important component of mitigating ecosystem response to climate change.arctic ͉ climate change ͉ global warming ͉ herbivory ͉ species interactions

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The community context of species’ borders: ecological and evolutionary perspectives

Cited by 332 publications

References 109 publications

An R 0 theory for source–sink dynamics with application to Dreissena competition

An R 0 theory for source–sink dynamics with application to Dreissena competition

Invasions and extinctions through the looking glass of evolutionary ecology

Opposing plant community responses to warming with and without herbivores

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