The commons in Europe: from past to future

Bravo, Giangiacomo; Moor, Tine De

doi:10.18352/ijc.98

Cited by 71 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The occurrence of conflicts is caused by changes in rural societies (Hoogstra et al, 2004;Ziegenspeck et al, 2004;Barli et al, 2006;De Jong et al, 2006;Short, 2008), reflected in common land as the attempt to find an equilibrium between human pressures and the capacity to provide natural resources (Bravo and De Moor, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arrival of a competitive economy to international markets brought about important changes in traditional land uses and management practices (Pardo and Gil, 2005), which had to conform to the new socio-economic situation (Hoogstra et al, 2004;Olsson et al, 2004;Ziegenspeck et al, 2004;Barli et al, 2006;De Jong et al, 2006;Salka et al, 2006;Sanginga et al, 2006;Schlüter, 2007;Bravo and De Moor, 2008;Short, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different approaches to the social vision of communal land management: the case of Galicia (Spain)

Pérez

Gómez-Vázquez

Díaz-Varela

2010

Span. j. agric. res.

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Communal forests, or Montes Veciñais en Man Común (MVMC), are a specific form of communal land tenure and a singular legal category in Galicia. The growing demographic decline in rural areas and, particularly, in inner areas of Galicia has led to a decrease in the economic interest of forest resources. The complexity of the different management modes or levels of organization of forest communities cannot be explained through a homogeneous interpretation. The objective of this paper is to determine the types, distribution and sources of conflicts, and to describe the role of conflicts as catalysts or barriers for common land management. For that purpose, local, provincial and regional newspaper reports about forest communities were compiled from libraries and the conflicts reported in the media were defined and classified. Spatial analyses, descriptive statistics and statistical classification methods were used to find correlations between the different social, economic or environmental variables involved. Our results reveal a very uneven spatial distribution of conflicts over common land and a stronger impact of social and environmental factors over economic factors. In addition, this paper discusses the interpretation of the higher or lower degree of conflict as a positive or negative contribution to the management of privately owned common land and explains how factors such as the demographic situation in the area, the relationship with the Forest Administration and the incorporation of new actors in the region account for the current situation and the changes in management models.Additional key words: collective private ownership, conflict, uneven spatial distribution. ResumenDiferentes aproximaciones a la visión social en la gestión de tierras comunales: el caso de Galicia (España)Los Montes Vecinales en Mano Común (MVMC), son una forma específica de tenencia de la tierra comunal con una categoría jurídica singular en Galicia. El declive demográfico cada vez mayor en las zonas rurales particularmente en las zonas interiores de Galicia ha ocasionado una disminución en el interés económico de los recursos forestales. Los diferentes métodos de gestión y niveles de organización de las comunidades muestran una realidad compleja que no puede ser explicada a través de una interpretación única. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar los tipos, la distribución y las fuentes de origen de los conflictos, para describir su papel como catalizadores o barreras para la gestión. Para ello, fueron recopilados informes de los periódicos locales, provinciales y regionales acerca de las comunidades forestales, y las noticias de conflictos se definieron y clasificaron de acuerdo a un análisis espacial, estadística descriptiva y métodos de clasificación numéricos, encontrándose correlaciones entre las variables sociales, econó-micas o ambientales. Nuestros resultados muestran una distribución espacial muy desigual y un mayor impacto de los factores sociales y medioambientales sobre los factores económicos en los confli...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different approaches to the social vision of communal land management: the case of Galicia (Spain)

Pérez

Gómez-Vázquez

Díaz-Varela

2010

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…En una escala mayor, ha habido tentativas de conceptualizar las infraestructuras básicas que posibilitan la vida en la ciudad como comunes urbanos (Bravo & De Moor, 2008;. Los ejemplos van desde los sistemas de distribución de agua (Bakker, 2007;Wutich, 2009), de infraestructuras portuarias (Selsky & Memon, 1997), de carreteras (Blomkvist & Larsson, 2013), de electricidad (Byrne, Martínez & Ruggero, 2009;Lambing, 2012) o de recolección y tratamiento de desechos (Cavé, 2012;Post & Baud, 2003), los ecosistemas naturales en la ciudad (Svendsen & Campbell, 2008) o incluso los sistemas de regulación del suelo (Porter et al, 2011;Salingaros, 2010).…”

Section: Recursosunclassified

Comunes urbanos: de la gestión colectiva al derecho a la ciudad

Castro-Coma

Martí-Costa

2016

EURE (Santiago)

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issn impreso 0250-7161 | issn digital vol 42 | n o 125 | enero 2016 | pp. 131-153 | artículos | ©EURE Comunes urbanos: de la gestión colectiva al derecho a la ciudad Mauro Castro-Coma. Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya (upc), Barcelona, España. Marc Martí-Costa. Flacso-Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.resumen | Existe un creciente interés y una emergente literatura académica en los estudios urbanos sobre los comunes y su aplicación. Por un lado, destacan aquellas aportaciones que aplican al ámbito urbano, los estudios de Elinor Ostrom sobre las formas de autogestión de los recursos naturales de uso común. Por el otro, la literatura crítica sobre el neoliberalismo, las nuevas formas de acumulación por desposesión y las resistencias a ellas en forma de movimientos sociales también han abordado los comunes en la ciudad desde diferentes perspectivas de origen marxista. En este trabajo se ordenan y se analizan las contribuciones de ambas aproximaciones, sus puntos críticos, así como sus posibles complementariedades, para avanzar hacia una mejor conceptualización y una futura agenda de investigación sobre los comunes urbanos.

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“…Since the 13th century, the regole, as self-governing, village-level institutions based on common property regimes (Bromley 1991), were not only been widespread in the region, but similar institutional arrangements were common throughout the Alps (Bravo and De Moor 2008) 2 . All resources owned by the regole, including forests and pastures, were held in common and managed through a set of complex, written rules -indeed, the name given to these institutions, 'le regole' may be literally translated as, 'the rules'.…”

Section: Land-based Activities and Institutional Change In Venetomentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict or synergy? Understanding interaction between municipalities and village commons (regole) in polycentric governance of mountain areas in the Veneto Region, Italy

et al. 2016

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A particular challenge for mountainous areas in Italy is the definition of suitable governance models for local resources. Several solutions have been proposed over time, resulting in the co-existence of a number of decision-making centers. A crucial role is played by municipalities, but, in recent years, village commons -regola (singular) / regole (plural) in the local language -have been re-constituted as institutions with local power. In this dynamic context, little is known on how municipalities and regole interact. This paper aims at improving the understanding of local governance of mountain areas in the Veneto Region, from the viewpoint of municipalities, which represent the political, legal and administrative authority. The analysis is grounded in the polycentric governance literature, especially crucial in drawing attention to level and extent of cooperation, trustworthiness, mutual learning and effort for adaptation. Tensions, conflicts and conflict-resolution mechanisms were also assessed. We carried out a survey of 14 municipalities containing regole within their administrative jurisdictions. The results of our work provide evidence that this relationship is mostly a synergistic one. Municipalities showed adaptive capacity in mirroring values and views of the regole and proved willing to share responsibilities. Their decisions were formulated whilst taking into account the need for creating the appropriate linkages with local communities. Where conflicts or discontent have emerged, they have been mostly resolved, or considered as reflecting a need for greater coordination. This outcome can be looked upon as a local polycentric governance innovation that so far has only partially received policy support at the regional level. We conclude that municipalities will continue to play a central role in regulation of local-level socio-economic dynamics, remaining the institutional reference point for mountainous areas in the Veneto Region.Keywords: Commons, common property, municipality, polycentric governance, forest management Acknowledgement: This paper was prepared thanks to the funds provided by the UE 7th FP INTEGRAL project "Future-oriented integrated management of European forest landscapes" -Grant Agreement no. 282887. We would further like to acknowledge the contributions of two anonymous reviewers.

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The commons in Europe: from past to future

Cited by 71 publications

References 19 publications

Different approaches to the social vision of communal land management: the case of Galicia (Spain)

Different approaches to the social vision of communal land management: the case of Galicia (Spain)

Comunes urbanos: de la gestión colectiva al derecho a la ciudad

Conflict or synergy? Understanding interaction between municipalities and village commons (regole) in polycentric governance of mountain areas in the Veneto Region, Italy

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