The combustion of liquids and low-density solids in a cenospheric fluidised bed

Żukowski, Witold; Berkowicz, Gabriela

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.05.024

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Thermogravimetric analysis of PP and PE samples was conducted on a TGA 8000 analyzer (by Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The analysis of The raw cenospheres were coated with iron through the gas decomposition process of Fe(CO) 5 , as described in [27]. The iron content deposited on the cenospheres was 8% wt .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Step IV: During the cooling process, the water vapor condenses inside the perforated grains, generating a vacuum and filling damaged cenospheres with liquid water, which leads these cenospheres to sink to the bottom of the vessel. The raw cenospheres were coated with iron through the gas decomposition process of Fe(CO)5, as described in [27]. The iron content deposited on the cenospheres was 8%wt.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Polyolefin Pyrolysis in Multilayer Fluidized Beds: An Innovative Approach to Obtain Valuable Alternative Fuels

Żukowski,

Leski,

Berkowicz-Płatek

et al. 2024

Energies

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This paper presents the application of two versions of the multilayer fluidized bed made out of two materials with significantly different densities. The first type of fluidized bed was composed of raw cenospheres and quartz sand. The second type of fluidized bed was composed of cenospheres coated with iron oxides and quartz sand. A variable vertical density profiles in the prepared fluidized beds were confirmed, making them suitable for processing polymeric materials, specifically, polyolefins with a density below 1 g/cm3. The polyolefin pyrolysis process was investigated in both versions of the fluidized bed at temperatures of 520, 540, 560, and 590 °C. The products of the pyrolysis were monitored using high-resolution infrared spectroscopy (with a resolution of 1 cm−1). While the process is organized in these fluidized beds, the absence of the accumulation of solid residues is notable. The results show that the pyrolytic gaseous mixture is composed of numerous compounds, namely, unsaturated and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and benzene. The possibility of producing a gas rich in ethylene, propylene, and 1-butene during the pyrolysis was demonstrated. Additionally, during the pyrolysis of both polymers, the production of benzene was shown with yields, ranging from 5%wt. in the fluidized bed made out of raw cenospheres to 11 %wt. in the fluidized bed made out of cenospheres modified by iron oxides. Due to the complex nature of the resulting pyrolytic gas, it is suggested that we process the created gaseous mixtures entirely in a steam conversion process, making them a potential source of hydrogen.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Polyolefin Pyrolysis in Multilayer Fluidized Beds: An Innovative Approach to Obtain Valuable Alternative Fuels

Żukowski,

Leski,

Berkowicz-Płatek

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…The air and propane-butane gas are fed to the reactor through a distributor plate. This laboratory fluidized bed reactor was used previously on numerous studies on environmental aspects of waste combustion [40,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: The Thermal Treatment Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Fluidized Bed Processing of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as a Way to Recover Raw Materials

2021

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This paper explores the effectiveness of metal recovery and values of gaseous emissions during thermal e-waste processing followed by magnetic separation. The thermal process of conversion of this kind of waste is difficult due to the uncertainty of the operation when compared to the processing of homogeneous materials. This is due to their complex and heterogeneous structure. The adoption of the fluidized bed reactor makes the process feasible, stabilizing it significantly and limiting emissions of harmful gases. Mobile cellphones were used as the raw input material of 450 g total mass. During the thermal transformation, the exhaust gases such as: CO, CO2, NOx, SO2, HCI, HBr, HCN, NH3, phenol, hydrocarbons, HF and COCI2 were analysed. The thermal treatment resulted in 333.6 g of solids in the fluidized bed. They were fragmented into grains smaller than 1 mm and 0.5 mm. The process of magnetic enrichment was used next on grains greater than 1 mm and smaller than 0.5 mm. The process was carried out using a neodymium magnet for particles >1 mm and a plate electromagnetic separator (powered by a three-phase current) together with a 1-disc tape-type separator, which was used for particles <1 mm. Such an approach resulted in the recovery of 81.9% of cobalt, 96.6% of iron and 99.2% of neodymium. The most efficient method of magnetic enriching (MS) proved to be the use of the electromagnetic plate separator.

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“…Usually, complicated optimization changes occur, the solution of which allows the selection of the most advantageous modernization and optimization variant. The issue of optimizing coal combustion is most often associated with renovation activities that allow increasing the energy efficiency of existing power units [8]. This type of work significantly extends the service life of heating devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Aspects of Combustion Optimization of Coal in Power Plants

et al. 2020

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Growing ecological standards force the implementation of solutions that will contribute to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere. This is particularly important in Poland, whose energy system is almost 80% based on coal. In the interest of low carbon development it is worth considering the optimization of existing old coal-based power plants. The main goal of the research was to present the benefits of modernization of existing boiler equipment and to analyze the combustion process of various types of coal sorts that have a significant impact on the optimization of the production processes of energy media. An analysis of the processes occurring in boiler devices during the combustion of fuel was carried out, which had a significant impact on the quality of generated heat and electricity. The conducted research defined technological solutions for boiler structures that have a significant impact on improving the efficiency of the technological process in heating plants and the characteristics of coal as energy fuel. Practical technical and modernization solutions have been proposed that contribute to the optimization of coal combustion processes, resulting in increased energy efficiency of the heating plant.

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The combustion of liquids and low-density solids in a cenospheric fluidised bed

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Polyolefin Pyrolysis in Multilayer Fluidized Beds: An Innovative Approach to Obtain Valuable Alternative Fuels

Polyolefin Pyrolysis in Multilayer Fluidized Beds: An Innovative Approach to Obtain Valuable Alternative Fuels

High-Temperature Fluidized Bed Processing of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as a Way to Recover Raw Materials

Selected Aspects of Combustion Optimization of Coal in Power Plants

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